The emotional cost of distance: Geographic social network dispersion and post-traumatic stress among survivors of Hurricane Katrina.
The emotional cost of distance: Geographic social network dispersion and post-traumatic stress among survivors of Hurricane Katrina.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.034
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Deterding, Nicole M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morris, Katherine Ann;Deterding, Nicole M.
关键词：
自然灾害发生后，社交网络提供了重要的情感和工具支持。然而，流离失所可能在地理上分散网络成员，使创伤后提供和接受必要的心理康复支持变得困难。我们利用调查数据研究了与网络成员的距离和创伤后应激之间的关系，并利用深入的定性访谈确定了这种联系的潜在机制。我们使用来自卡特里娜幸存者复原力项目（RISK）的纵向混合方法数据来捕捉卡特里娜飓风对新奥尔良低收入母亲的长期影响。基线调查大约在风暴发生前一年进行，后续调查和深入访谈在五年后进行。我们使用顺序解释分析设计。通过逻辑回归，我们估计了地理网络分散与创伤后应激可能性的关系。通过线性回归，我们估计了网络分散与三个创伤后应激子量表的关系。使用最大变异抽样，我们使用定性访谈数据来详细说明已确定的统计关联。我们发现网络分散与创伤后应激的可能性呈正相关，控制了个人层面的社会人口特征，暴露于飓风相关的创伤，感知到的社会支持和新奥尔良居住。我们确定了定性数据中存在的两种社会心理机制：远距离网络成员的受访者报告缺乏深度归属感和缺乏重要性，因为他们无法履行重要远距离关系的义务。结果表明，身体接近的重要性，情感亲密网络关系的长期心理康复。
Social networks offer important emotional and instrumental support following natural disasters. However, displacement may geographically disperse network members, making it difficult to provide and receive support necessary for psychological recovery after trauma. We examine associations between distance to network members and post-traumatic stress using survey data, and identify potential mechanisms underlying this association using in-depth qualitative interviews. We use longitudinal, mixed-methods data from the Resilience in Survivors of Katrina (RISK) Project to capture the long-term effects of Hurricane Katrina on low-income mothers from New Orleans. Baseline surveys occurred approximately one year before the storm and follow-up surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted five years later. We use a sequential explanatory analytic design. With logistic regression, we estimate the association of geographic network dispersion with the likelihood of post-traumatic stress. With linear regressions, we estimate the association of network dispersion with the three post-traumatic stress sub-scales. Using maximal variation sampling, we use qualitative interview data to elaborate identified statistical associations. We find network dispersion is positively associated with the likelihood of post-traumatic stress, controlling for individual-level socio-demographic characteristics, exposure to hurricane-related trauma, perceived social support, and New Orleans residency. We identify two social-psychological mechanisms present in qualitative data: respondents with distant network members report a lack of deep belonging and a lack of mattering as they are unable to fulfill obligations to important distant ties. Results indicate the importance of physical proximity to emotionally-intimate network ties for long-term psychological recovery.
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