Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection.
Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection.
复制标题
宿主对甲型流感病毒感染的免疫反应
DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2018.00320
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Chen JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen X;Liu S;Goraya MU;Maarouf M;Huang S;Chen JL
甲型流感病毒(IAV)是导致世界各地人和动物严重呼吸道感染的传染性病原体。当检测到IAV感染时，宿主免疫系统的目的是防御和清除病毒感染。天然免疫系统由物理屏障(粘液和集合素)、各种吞噬细胞、一组细胞因子、干扰素(IFN)和干扰素刺激的基因组成，是抵御IAV感染的第一道防线。获得性免疫是由B细胞和T细胞介导的，以抗原特异性记忆细胞为特征，捕获和中和病原体。体液免疫反应通过血凝素特异性循环抗体来中和IAV。此外，抗体可以结合到感染细胞的表面，诱导抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒或补体激活。虽然有针对病毒的中和抗体，但细胞免疫在对抗IAV方面也发挥着关键作用。另一方面，IAV已经开发了多种策略来逃避宿主免疫监视，从而成功复制。本文就免疫系统，特别是先天免疫系统和关键分子在抗病毒防御中的作用作一综述。此外，我们强调IAV如何对抗不同的免疫反应，以实现成功的感染。
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are contagious pathogens responsible for severe respiratory infection in humans and animals worldwide. Upon detection of IAV infection, host immune system aims to defend against and clear the viral infection. Innate immune system is comprised of physical barriers (mucus and collectins), various phagocytic cells, group of cytokines, interferons (IFNs), and IFN-stimulated genes, which provide first line of defense against IAV infection. The adaptive immunity is mediated by B cells and T cells, characterized with antigen-specific memory cells, capturing and neutralizing the pathogen. The humoral immune response functions through hemagglutinin-specific circulating antibodies to neutralize IAV. In addition, antibodies can bind to the surface of infected cells and induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity or complement activation. Although there are neutralizing antibodies against the virus, cellular immunity also plays a crucial role in the fight against IAVs. On the other hand, IAVs have developed multiple strategies to escape from host immune surveillance for successful replication. In this review, we discuss how immune system, especially innate immune system and critical molecules are involved in the antiviral defense against IAVs. In addition, we highlight how IAVs antagonize different immune responses to achieve a successful infection.