Increasing accuracy of field-scale studies to investigate plant uptake and soil dissipation of pharmaceuticals
Increasing accuracy of field-scale studies to investigate plant uptake and soil dissipation of pharmaceuticals
复制标题
提高实地研究的准确性，以调查药物的植物吸收和土壤消散
DOI：
10.1039/d1ay00623a
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Aga, Diana S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dickman, Rebecca A.;Brunelle, Laura D.;Kennedy, Bradley C.;Noe-Hays, Abraham;Love, Nancy G.;Aga, Diana S.
药物和个人护理产品（PPCP）可以通过废水灌溉，生物固体改良剂或尿液施肥进入农田。许多研究已经评估了PPCP污染的风险，但是没有标准化的样品处理方法，使得结果的解释具有挑战性。报告了采样和分析之间的不同时间段（运输、储存等），但缺乏文献评价PPCP在该过程中的降解。该研究评估了20种药物（200 μg L−1）在土壤和作物中在−40 °C下储存7、30和310天的稳定性。310天后，发现咖啡因、甲丙氨酯、甲氧苄啶、扑米酮、卡马西平、脱水红霉素和苯妥英在所有基质中均稳定（回收率≥75%）。另一方面，对乙酰氨基酚、阿米替林、安非他酮、拉莫三嗪、磺胺甲恶唑、萘普生、布洛芬和帕罗西汀在至少一种研究基质中30天后不稳定。由于分析物稳定性的变化，与运输和储存后、提取前即刻的加标相比，评价了在样品采集时使用同位素标记替代物的加标。在田间强化样品中，发现稳定分析物的色谱峰面积具有重现性（±15%），表明尽管环境受控程度较低，但在田间条件下样品处理期间未发生额外错误。不稳定分析物在加标时间之间的峰面积存在显著差异，表明在样品采集后立即加标对于解释运输和储存期间的分析物损失至关重要，从而准确定量PPCP。
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) can enter agricultural fields through wastewater irrigation, biosolid amendments, or urine fertilization. Numerous studies have assessed the risk of PPCP contamination, however there are no standardized methodologies for sample treatment, making the interpretation of results challenging. Various time periods between sampling and analysis have been reported (shipping, storage, etc.), but literature is lacking in the evaluation of PPCP degradation amidst this process. This study assessed the stability of 20 pharmaceuticals (200 μg L−1) in soil and crops stored at −40 °C for 7, 30, and 310 days. After 310 days, caffeine, meprobamate, trimethoprim, primidone, carbamazepine, anhydro-erythromycin and dilantin were found to be stable (≥75% recovery) in all matrices. On the other hand, acetaminophen, amitriptyline, bupropion, lamotrigine, sulfamethoxazole, naproxen, ibuprofen, and paroxetine were unstable after 30 days in at least one of the matrices investigated. Due to variations in analyte stability, fortification with isotopically-labelled surrogates at the point of sample collection was evaluated in comparison to fortification after shipment and storage, immediately prior to extraction. Chromatographic peak areas of stable analytes were found to be reproducible (±15%) in field-fortified samples, indicating that no additional error occurred during sample handling under field conditions despite having a less controlled environment. Unstable analytes revealed notable differences in peak areas between fortification times, suggesting that fortification immediately after sample collection is crucial to account for analyte losses during shipping and storage, resulting in accurate quantification of PPCPs.