Neural Activation Patterns Associated with Maternal Mouthbrooding and Energetic State in an African Cichlid Fish
Neural Activation Patterns Associated with Maternal Mouthbrooding and Energetic State in an African Cichlid Fish
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.025
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发表时间：
2020-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Karen P. Maruska;J. Butler;Karen E. Field;Christopher Forester;Ashley Augustus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Karen P. Maruska;J. Butler;Karen E. Field;Christopher Forester;Ashley Augustus
亲代抚育在动物界很普遍，但对许多物种来说，提供能量资源必须在自我促进和后代促进行为之间进行权衡。然而，人们对这些动机决定背后的神经机制知之甚少。口育是一种极端形式的亲代照顾，在鱼类中最常见，它提供了一个理想的机会来检查哪些大脑区域参与亲代和能量学。非洲纹罗非鱼是一种母性的口育鱼，雌性将发育中的幼鱼含在嘴里2 周。这种照顾后代的方式使得觅食变得不可能，所以雌性不得不忍受饥饿。我们使用免疫组织化学方法检测神经激活标记物pS6，以检测在育口、饥饿和喂食的雌性中，哪些脑区参与处理显著信息。我们确定了与母亲育儿更多相关的大脑区域（TPp, Dc-4/-5），以及其他反映能量状态的大脑区域（Dl-v, NLTi）。然而，大多数核检查涉及母性护理和精力充沛的状态。通过节点间比较、协同活动网络、分层聚类和判别函数分析，将16个被检查的核中的每一个放置到这些功能类别中。这些结果揭示了在一个物种中，哪些大脑区域参与了亲代照顾和食物摄入，当父母不可能喂养时，供应倾向于后代。本研究为母亲照顾、食物摄入和能量平衡的调节提供了独特和共享的电路，并有助于将父母的极端情况置于比较和进化的背景下。
Parental care is widespread in the animal kingdom, but for many species, provisioning energetic resources must be balanced with trade-offs between self-promoting and offspring-promoting behaviors. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying these motivational decisions. Mouthbrooding is an extreme form of parental care most common in fishes that provides an ideal opportunity to examine which brain regions are involved in parenting and energetics. The African cichlid fishAstatotilapia burtoniis a maternal mouthbrooder in which females hold developing young inside their mouths for 2 weeks. This brood care makes feeding impossible, so females undergo obligatory starvation. We used immunohistochemistry for the neural activation marker pS6 to examine which brain regions were involved in processing salient information in mouthbrooding, starved, and fed females. We identified brain regions more associated with maternal brood care (TPp, Dc-4/-5), and others reflective of energetic state (Dl-v, NLTi). Most nuclei examined, however, were involved in both maternal care and energetic status. Placement of each of the 16 examined nuclei into these functional categories was supported by node by node comparisons, co-activity networks, hierarchical clustering, and discriminant function analysis. These results reveal which brain regions are involved in parental care and food intake in a species where provisioning is skewed towards the offspring when parental feeding is not possible. This study provides support for both distinct and shared circuitry involved in regulation of maternal care, food intake, and energy balance, and helps put the extreme parental case of mouthbrooding into a comparative and evolutionary context.