Optimization of cryptic coloration in heterogeneous habitats
Optimization of cryptic coloration in heterogeneous habitats
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01858.x
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Jormalainen, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Merilaita, S;Tuomi, J;Jormalainen, V
我们提出了一种在异质环境中优化密码的理论方法。我们的模型栖息地由两个不同的微生境组成，微生境中隐蔽的最佳组合被认为是最大限度地避免被捕食者发现的可能性。对猎物逃脱检测的概率是：(I)隐蔽程度，(Ii)在微生境中出现的概率，(Iii)在微生境中遇到捕食者的概率。因为密码是特定于背景的，所以在两个视觉上不同的微生境中的密码之间存在权衡。根据权衡的性质，最佳的颜色要么是不同微生境的要求之间的妥协，要么是完全适应其中的一种。在其中一个微生境中捕食的风险增加，有利于该微生境中隐蔽性的增加。由于权衡限制了可能的最优解，因此不可能仅从因素(I)-(III)来预测最优颜色。然而，栖息地的选择可能会从根本上改变这种情况。如果最大限度地减少捕食风险不会产生任何成本，猎物应该只选择遇到捕食者概率较低和密码较好的微生境。讨论了这些结果对隐色和多态变化的影响。(C)1999年伦敦林尼安协会。
We present a theoretical approach to the optimization of crypsis in heterogeneous habitats. Our model habitat consists of two different microhabitats, and the optimal combination of crypsis in the microhabitats is supposed to maximize the probability of escaping detection by a predator. The probability of escaping detection for a prey is a function of: (i) degree of crypsis, (ii) probability of occurrence in the microhabitats and (iii) probability of encountering a predator in the microhabitats. Because crypsis is background-specific there is a trade-off between crypsis in two visually different microhabitats. Depending on the nature of the trade-off, the optimal coloration is either a compromise between the requirements of the differing microhabitats or entirely adapted to only one of them. An increased risk of predation in one of the microhabitats favours increased crypsis in that microhabitat. Because the trade-off-constrains possible optimal solutions, it is not possible to predict the optimal coloration only from factors (i)-(iii). However, habitat choice may fundamentally change the situation. If minimizing predation risk does not incur any costs, the prey should exclusively prefer the microhabitat where it has a lower probability of encountering a predator and better crypsis. The implications of these results for variation in cryptic coloration and polymorphism are discussed. (C) 1999 The Linnean Society of London.