Incorporating ecosystem services into the design of future energy systems
Incorporating ecosystem services into the design of future energy systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.022
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发表时间：
2018-07
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
Robert A. Holland;Nicola J. Beaumont;Tara Hooper;M. Austen;R. Gross;P. Heptonstall;Ioanna Ketsopoulou;M. Winskel;J. Watson;G. Taylor
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文献类型：
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作者：
Robert A. Holland;Nicola J. Beaumont;Tara Hooper;M. Austen;R. Gross;P. Heptonstall;Ioanna Ketsopoulou;M. Winskel;J. Watson;G. Taylor
人们日益认识到，需要采取一种全系统的办法，为关于未来能源选择的决定提供信息。基于对40个有影响力的能源和生态系统服务情景演练的定性和定量分析，我们考虑了如何将来自自然环境的社会效益整合到当前的能源情景中。分析表明，在各种情景演练中存在一系列共同的基本主题。这些因素包括化石能源的相对贡献、脱碳率、国际合作和全球化水平、技术开发和部署速度以及社会对环境可持续性的关注。在能源情景演练中，生态系统服务的考虑主要限于气候调节、食物、水资源和空气质量。相比之下，生态系统服务情景以高度综合的叙述形式考虑能源系统，能源选择的影响主要通过气候和土地使用变化来调节，新出现的数据和工具为更紧密地整合能源和生态系统服务情景提供了机会。这可以通过将生态系统服务的货币和非货币价值纳入情景演练，并增加能源系统和生态系统服务的空间代表性来实现。生态系统服务对人类福祉的重要性在地方、国家和国际层面的政策中日益得到认可。更紧密地结合能源和生态系统服务设想方案的工作，将使决策者能够确定符合与人为气候变化以及生物多样性和生态系统服务的丧失和退化有关的国际义务的途径。
There is increasing recognition that a whole systems approach is required to inform decisions on future energy options. Based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of forty influential energy and ecosystem services scenario exercises, we consider how the benefits to society that are derived from the natural environment are integrated within current energy scenarios. The analysis demonstrates a set of common underlying themes across scenario exercises. These include the relative contribution of fossil sources of energy, rates of decarbonisation, the level of international cooperation and globalisation, rate of technological development and deployment, and societies focus on environmental sustainability. Across energy scenario exercises, ecosystem services consideration is primarily limited to climate regulation, food, water resources, and air quality. In contrast, ecosystem services scenarios consider energy systems in a highly aggregated narrative form, with impacts of energy options mediated primarily through climate and land use change. Emerging data and tools offer opportunities for closer integration of energy and ecosystem services scenarios. This can be achieved by incorporating into scenarios exercises both monetary and non-monetary values of ecosystem services, and increasing the spatial representation of both energy systems and ecosystem services. The importance of ecosystem services for human well-being is increasingly recognised in policy at local, national and international scales. Tighter integration of energy and ecosystem service scenarios exercises will allow policy makers to identify pathways consistent with international obligations relating to both anthropogenic climate change and the loss and degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem services.