The regulation of healthspan and lifespan by dietary amino acids.
The regulation of healthspan and lifespan by dietary amino acids.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tma.2021.05.001
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lamming DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Babygirija R;Lamming DW
作为一种关键的常量营养素和必需大分子的来源，膳食蛋白质在健康中起着重要作用。多年来，富含蛋白质的饮食一直被推荐为健康的，因为蛋白质的饱腹感和肌肉建设效果，以及蛋白质卡路里取代脂肪和碳水化合物中所谓不健康卡路里的能力。然而，临床研究发现，摄入膳食蛋白质与多种疾病的风险增加有关，尤其是糖尿病，而对啮齿动物的研究表明，限制蛋白质摄入可以促进代谢健康，甚至延长寿命。新出现的证据表明，膳食蛋白质对健康和寿命的影响不仅仅是由蛋白质数量介导的，而是由蛋白质质量介导的-饮食中特定的氨基酸组成。在这里，我们讨论了膳食蛋白质和特定氨基酸（包括甲硫氨酸、支链氨基酸（亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸）、色氨酸和甘氨酸）如何调节代谢健康、健康寿命和衰老，并关注可能参与的特定分子机制。这些影响。最后，我们讨论了这些发现对促进人类健康老龄化的潜在适用性。
As a key macronutrient and source of essential macromolecules, dietary protein plays a significant role in health. For many years, protein-rich diets have been recommended as healthy due to the satiety-inducing and muscle-building effects of protein, as well as the ability of protein calories to displace allegedly unhealthy calories from fats and carbohydrates. However, clinical studies find that consumption of dietary protein is associated with an increased risk of multiple diseases, especially diabetes, while studies in rodents have demonstrated that protein restriction can promote metabolic health and even lifespan. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of dietary protein on health and longevity are not mediated simply by protein quantity but are instead mediated by protein quality – the specific amino acid composition of the diet. Here, we discuss how dietary protein and specific amino acids including methionine, the branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine), tryptophan and glycine regulate metabolic health, healthspan, and aging, with attention to the specific molecular mechanisms that may participate in these effects. Finally, we discuss the potential applicability of these findings to promoting healthy aging in humans.