Communication-Human Information Processing (C-HIP) Model
Communication-Human Information Processing (C-HIP) Model
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DOI：
10.1201/9780429462269-3
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发表时间：
2018-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Wogalter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Wogalter
标签用于向消费者传达重要的危险信息，以避免伤害或财产损失（例如，Laughery & Wogalter，2006; Wogalter，Laughery，& Mayhorn，2012）.通常，该信息被可视地显示为具有文本和/或图形的标签（例如，在产品或容器上粘贴的标识符（例如图形符号），也可以是插页、产品手册或环境和设施危害的标志和标语牌等形式（Conzola & Wogalter，2001）。警告的格式和内容至关重要。一般来说，研究表明，如果警告包含某些类型的内容，例如给出危险的性质，如何避免危险的说明，以及如果危险不被避免的后果的潜在严重性的指示（例如，Rogers，Lamson，& Rousseau，2000; Wogalter et al.，1987年）。此外，警告需要是明显的，清晰的，可理解的，可记忆的，可信的，并激励促进理解和遵守行为的目标。本章主要侧重于一个模型，该模型对如何处理消费品警告进行了一般性描述。虽然重点是消费品警告，但类似的原则适用于环境和设施危害的标志和其他类型的警告。这些原则还可以扩展到风险披露，如知情同意书、信用卡条款、内容通信-人类信息处理（C-HIP）模型..... 34 C-HIP型号... 35来源... 35通道...... 36交付... 36环境刺激...... 36接收器... 37注意开关... 37注意维护....... 38记忆/理解...... 39信念和态度...... 42.动机....... 43行为...... 43讨论/结论...... 43参考资料... 46
Warnings are used to communicate important hazard information to consumers so as to avoid injury or property damage (e.g., Laughery & Wogalter, 2006; Wogalter, Laughery, & Mayhorn, 2012). Typically, this information is visually displayed as a label with text and/ or graphics (e.g., pictorial symbols) adhered to a product or a container, but it can also be in the form of inserts, product manuals, or on signs and placards, etc. for environmental and facility hazards (Conzola & Wogalter, 2001). The format and content of warnings are critical. Generally, research indicates that warnings are usually more effective if they contain certain kinds of content, such as giving the nature of the hazard, instructions on how to avoid the hazard, and an indication of the potential severity of consequences if the hazard is not avoided (e.g., Rogers, Lamson, & Rousseau, 2000; Wogalter et al., 1987). Furthermore, warnings need to be noticeable, legible, understandable, memorable, believable, and motivating to facilitate goals of comprehension and compliance behavior. This chapter primarily focuses on a model that gives a general description of how consumer product warnings may be processed. While the focus is on consumer product warnings, similar principles apply to signs and other kinds of warnings for environmental and facility hazards. The principles can also be extended to risk disclosures such as informed consent forms, credit card terms, CONTENTS Communication-Human Information Processing (C-HIP) Model ........................................34 C-HIP Model .............................................................................................................................35 Source ....................................................................................................................................35 Channel .................................................................................................................................36 Delivery .................................................................................................................................36 Environmental Stimuli ........................................................................................................36 Receiver ................................................................................................................................. 37 Attention Switch .................................................................................................................. 37 Attention Maintenance .......................................................................................................38 Memory/Comprehension .................................................................................................. 39 Beliefs and Attitudes ...........................................................................................................42 Motivation ............................................................................................................................43 Behavior ................................................................................................................................43 Discussion/Conclusions ..............................................................................................................43 References ......................................................................................................................................46