Corruption and Inequality as Correlates of Social Trust:
Corruption and Inequality as Correlates of Social Trust:
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腐败和不平等与社会信任的相关性：
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Kennedy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jong;T. Hauser;J. Kennedy
我认为，一个社会的公平性比其同质性更能影响其社会信任水平。具有公平的程序规则（民主）、公平的规则管理（没有腐败）和公平的（相对平等且不偏不倚）的收入分配的社会，会产生守信行为的激励，制定守信规范，并增强人际信任。基于覆盖80个国家的世界价值观调查数据的多层次分析，我发现：（1）免腐败、收入平等和成熟的民主与信任呈正相关，而一旦考虑到这些因素，种族多样性就失去了重要性； (2) 腐败和不平等对诚信规范和认知产生不利影响； （3）不平等对信任的负面影响是由于收入的偏态而不是简单的异质性造成的； (4)在更加不平等和不民主的国家，少数群体地位的负面影响更大，这与公平性解释一致。
I argue that the fairness of a society affects its level of social trust more than does its homogeneity. Societies with fair procedural rules (democracy), fair administration of rules (freedom from corruption), and fair (relatively equal and unskewed) income distribution produce incentives for trustworthy behavior, develop norms of trustworthiness, and enhance interpersonal trust. Based on a multi-level analysis using the World Values Surveys data that cover 80 countries, I find that (1) freedom from corruption, income equality, and mature democracy are positively associated with trust, while ethnic diversity loses significance once these factors are accounted for; (2) corruption and inequality have an adverse impact on norms and perceptions of trustworthiness; (3) the negative effect of inequality on trust is due to the skewness of income rather than its simple heterogeneity; and (4) the negative effect of minority status is greater in more unequal and undemocratic countries, consistent with the fairness explanation.