The Sulfur Budget in Magmas: Evidence from Melt Inclusions, Submarine Glasses, and Volcanic Gas Emissions
The Sulfur Budget in Magmas: Evidence from Melt Inclusions, Submarine Glasses, and Volcanic Gas Emissions
复制标题
DOI：
10.2138/rmg.2011.73.8
复制
发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Wallace;M. Edmonds
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Wallace;M. Edmonds
岩浆中的主要挥发分H_2O、CO_2、S、Cl和F在岩浆的形成、演化和喷发过程中起着重要作用。因此，了解这些挥发物的岩浆浓度和通量对于了解火山的爆发行为、俯冲带中挥发物的再循环、岩浆热液矿床的形成、火山气体向地球大气的通量以及大型火山爆发的潜在气候影响非常重要。在过去30年中，测量熔融包裹体和火山岩玻璃中挥发物的新分析技术以及用于量化火山喷发物的遥感技术的新发展，使我们在了解岩浆系统中的挥发物及其从地幔到地壳和水圈的通量方面取得了重大进展。硫在上述许多过程中起着特别重要的作用，因为它影响金属在地壳储存期间在岩浆中的硫化物相或蒸汽的分配，并且当释放到大气中时，它形成硫酸气溶胶液滴，催化臭氧破坏，影响大气化学的其他方面，并阻挡入射的太阳辐射。此外，硫可能在引起俯冲带上方地幔楔氧化方面发挥作用（Kelley和Cottrell 2009）。在硅酸盐熔体中，由于多种价态和物质（熔体中的S2-，S6+;蒸汽中的H2S，S2，SO2，SO 3）以及非挥发性富S相（不混溶的Fe-S-O液体，磁黄铁矿，单硫化物和中间固溶体，硬石膏）的存在，S的溶解度行为，活度-组成关系和汽-熔体分配是复杂的。二氧化硫（SO2）是最容易使用地面和卫星遥感技术测量火山羽流中的主要岩浆挥发物，因为其在火山羽流中的浓度相对于背景值较高。更多...
The major magmatic volatile components—H2O, CO2, S, Cl, and F— play an important role in the formation, evolution, and eruption of magma. Knowledge of magmatic concentrations and fluxes of these volatiles is thus important for understanding explosive eruptive behavior of volcanoes, recycling of volatiles in subduction zones, formation of magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits, fluxes of volcanic gases to Earth’s atmosphere, and potential climatic impacts of large volcanic eruptions. Over the past 30 years, new analytical techniques for measuring volatiles in melt inclusions and glasses from volcanic rocks and new developments in remote sensing technology used for quantifying volcanic emissions have led to major advances in our understanding of volatiles in magmatic systems and their fluxes from Earth’s mantle to the crust and hydrosphere. Sulfur plays a particularly important role in many of the processes noted above because it affects partitioning of metals into sulfide phases or vapor in magmas during crustal storage, and when released to the atmosphere, it forms sulfuric acid aerosol droplets that catalyze ozone destruction, influences other aspects of atmospheric chemistry, and blocks incoming solar radiation. In addition, S may play a role in causing oxidation of the mantle wedge above subduction zones (Kelley and Cottrell 2009). In silicate melts, the solubility behavior, activity-composition relations, and vapor-melt partitioning of S are complex due to multiple valence states and species (S2−, S6+ in melt; H2S, S2, SO2, SO3 in vapor) and the occurrence of non-volatile S-rich phases (immiscible Fe-S-O liquid, pyrrhotite, monosulfide and intermediate solid solutions, anhydrite). Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is the easiest of the main magmatic volatiles to measure in volcanic plumes using ground- and satellite-based remote sensing techniques because of its relatively high concentration in volcanic plumes relative to background values. More …