Animal Picobirnavirus
Animal Picobirnavirus
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DOI：
10.1007/s13337-014-0207-y
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mladenova, Zornitsa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ganesh, Balasubramanian;Masachessi, Gisela;Mladenova, Zornitsa
微小双链RNA病毒（PBV）是一种小型、无包膜、双节段的双链RNA（dsRNA）病毒。“Picobirnavirus”这个名字来源于前缀“皮科”（拉丁语中的“小”），指的是病毒粒子的小尺寸，加上前缀“bi”（拉丁语中的“两”）和“RNA”一词，表示病毒基因组的性质。PBV的偶然发现可以追溯到1988年巴西，当时在急性胃肠炎爆发期间收集的人粪便样本通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）和银染色（S/S）进行常规轮状病毒监测。经银染后的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示典型的“双RNA带”型，经鉴定为小核糖核酸病毒。同样地，巴西的同一研究小组对野生黑足侏儒稻鼠（Oryzomys nigripes）的粪便进行PAGE分析，报告存在PBV（佩雷拉et al.，J Gen Virol 69：2749-2754，1988）。在全世界范围内，在人类和各种动物的粪便中检测到多溴联苯疫苗，无论是否伴有腹泻。PBV作为“免疫功能正常儿童”的“主要病原体”，或“免疫功能低下个体”的“潜在病原体”，或肠道中的“无害病毒”的可能作用仍然难以捉摸，需要进行研究，尽管有许多报告表明，在各种家养哺乳动物、野生动物、鸟类和蛇的粪便样本中存在PBV;我们目前对它们的生物学、病因学、致病性或传播特征的了解仍然很微妙。本文旨在分析自发现以来动物Picobirnavirus感染的兽医学和人畜共患病方面。
Picobirnavirus (PBV) is a small, non-enveloped, bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus of vertebrate hosts. The name 'Picobirnavirus' derives from the prefix 'pico' (latin for 'small') in reference to the small virion size, plus the prefix 'bi' (latin for 'two') and the word 'RNA' to indicate the nature of the viral genome. The serendipitous discovery of PBV dates back to 1988 from Brazil, when human fecal samples collected during the acute gastroenteritis outbreaks were subjected for routine rotavirus surveillance by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver straining (S/S). The PAGE gels after silver staining showed a typical 'two RNA band' pattern, and it was identified as Picobirnavirus. Likewise, the feces of wild black-footed pigmy rice rats (Oryzomys nigripes) subjected for PAGE assay by the same research group in Brazil reported the presence of PBV (Pereira et al., J Gen Virol 69:2749-2754, 1988). PBVs have been detected in faeces of humans and wide range of animal species with or without diarrhoea, worldwide. The probable role of PBV as either a 'primary diarrhoeal agent' in 'immunocompetent children'; or a 'potential pathogen' in 'immunocompromised individuals' or an 'innocuous virus' in the intestine remains elusive and needs to be investigated despite the numerous reports of the presence of PBV in fecal samples of various species of domestic mammals, wild animals, birds and snakes; our current knowledge of their biology, etiology, pathogenicity or their transmission characteristics remains subtle. This review aims to analyse the veterinary and zoonotic aspects of animal Picobirnavirus infections since its discovery.