Stimulation of the chewing area of the cerebral cortex induces inhibitory effects upon swallowing in sheep
Stimulation of the chewing area of the cerebral cortex induces inhibitory effects upon swallowing in sheep
复制标题
刺激大脑皮层咀嚼区可诱导绵羊吞咽抑制作用
DOI：
10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01483-3
复制
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
C. Roman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mohamed Lamkadem;Ouinlassida R. Zoungrana;M. Amri;A. Car;C. Roman
咀嚼和吞咽是食物摄取行为的两个紧密结合的组成部分。我们研究了刺激额眶皮层（CCx）的咀嚼区对某些肌肉和延髓中间神经元（Ins）或运动神经元（Mns）在吞咽过程中活动的影响。为了比较的目的，在实验期间还刺激舌神经（LN）。采用肌电图（EMG）和细胞外神经元记录，刺激上级喉神经（SLN）反射性诱发吞咽（RIS）。长时间重复刺激CCx或LN时，RIS几乎完全消失，刺激停止后，RIS又明显易化。短时间刺激（一个或几个脉冲）的CCx和LN也抑制触发吞咽时，提供的发病前RIS。这种抑制表现为EMG和神经元吞咽活动的延迟或完全抑制。在肌肉、舌下神经元和前运动神经元（PMns;腹侧延髓疑核附近的Ins）水平以及背侧延髓（孤束核内或周围）的Ins水平都是明显的，这被认为是吞咽的“中央模式发生器”（CPG）的核心。除了“咀嚼相关的抑制”，许多腹侧的Ins表现出短潜伏期的突触激活后CCx和/或LN刺激。因此，这些Ins可能在舌（和颌）肌肉的反射或皮质快速控制中发挥关键作用，并在咀嚼-吞咽相互作用的背景下协调它们的收缩。
Mastication and swallowing are two tightly integrated components of food intake behavior. We investigated the effects of stimulating the chewing area of the fronto-orbital cortex (CCx) on some muscles and medullary interneurons (Ins) or motoneurons (Mns) active during swallowing. For the purpose of comparison, the lingual nerve (LN) was also stimulated during the experiments. Electromyography (EMG) and extracellular neuronal recording were used, and swallowing was reflexly induced (RIS) by stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). RIS was almost totally abolished during long-lasting repetitive stimulation of CCx or LN, and was strongly facilitated after stimulation cessation. Short-duration stimulation (one or a few pulses) of both the CCx and LN also inhibited triggering of deglutition when delivered just before the onset of RIS. This inhibition appeared as a delay or total suppression of the EMG and neuronal swallowing activities. It was obvious at the level of the muscles, the hypoglossal Mns and the premotoneurons (PMns; Ins of the ventral medulla near the nucleus ambiguus), as well as at the level of the Ins of the dorsal medulla (within or around the solitary tract nucleus) which are assumed to be the core of the `central pattern generator' (CPG) for swallowing. In addition to the `chewing-related inhibition', many ventral Ins exhibited a short latency synaptic activation after CCx and/or LN stimulation. Therefore, these Ins may play a pivotal role for reflex or cortical fast control of tongue (and jaw) muscles, and for coordinating their contractions in the context of mastication–deglutition interactions.