Upwelling areas do not guarantee refuge for coral reefs in a warming ocean
Upwelling areas do not guarantee refuge for coral reefs in a warming ocean
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DOI：
10.3354/meps08775
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Cortes, Jorge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chollett, Iliana;Mumby, Peter J.;Cortes, Jorge
全球变暖是对珊瑚礁的严重威胁。有人提出，上升流可以最大限度地减少海洋变暖造成的热应力，因此上升流区域可以作为珊瑚的避难所。在这里，使用21年的卫星海表温度数据，我们分析了珊瑚所经历的热应力在4个季节性上升流地区与珊瑚礁发展减少的程度：哥伦比亚在加勒比海南部，巴拿马在热带太平洋东部，阿曼在阿拉伯海和马达加斯加在印度洋。上升流区域并不总是提供保护免受热应力。当与附近的非上升流区域相比时，上升流只能在以下情况下提供对变暖事件的防御：（1）威胁和上升流重合，以及（2）这种重叠在上升流区域产生有意义的热应力降低。在分析的4个上升流区中，只有2个符合这些条件：哥伦比亚和阿曼。在阿曼，上升流降低了热扰动的强度、频率和持续时间（当珊瑚白化热点（超过最温暖月份平均温度的异常大于1摄氏度时确定），而在哥伦比亚，上升流只降低了热扰动的频率。上升流的保护作用在地理上似乎是有限的，因此，进一步上升流地区需要单独评估，以评估其作为热应力避难所的能力。
Global warming is a severe threat to coral reefs. It has been proposed that upwelling could minimise the thermal stress caused by ocean warming, and therefore upwelling areas may serve as a refuge for corals. Here, using 21 yr of satellite sea surface temperature data, we analysed the degree to which the thermal stress experienced by corals is reduced in 4 seasonal upwelling areas with reef development: Colombia in the southern Caribbean, Panama in the eastern tropical Pacific, Oman in the Arabian Sea and Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. Upwelling areas do not always offer protection from thermal stress. When compared with nearby non-upwelling areas, upwelling can only provide defence against warming events if: (1) the threat and the upwelling coincide, and (2) this overlap produces a meaningful decrease in thermal stress in upwelling areas. These conditions were met in only 2 of the 4 upwelling areas analysed: Colombia and Oman. In Oman, upwelling decreased the magnitude, frequency and duration of thermal disturbances (identified when Coral Bleaching HotSpots, anomalies exceeding the average temperature of the warmest month, are larger than 1 C), while in Colombia upwelling only decreased their frequency. The protective role of upwelling seems to be limited geographically; therefore, further upwelling areas need to be assessed individually in order to evaluate their capacity as a refuge from thermal stress.