Living in stressful neighbourhoods during pregnancy: an observational study of crime rates and birth outcomes.
Living in stressful neighbourhoods during pregnancy: an observational study of crime rates and birth outcomes.
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DOI：
10.1093/eurpub/ckw131
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Dibben C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clemens T;Dibben C
背景资料：不良出生结果的模式在空间上各不相同，有证据表明，这可能与空气污染等物理环境的特征有关。然而，环境的其他社会特征，如犯罪水平，却相对研究不足。这项研究考察了犯罪率与出生体重和早产之间的关系。研究方法：出生时记录的产妇住院数据，包括住宅邮政编码，与苏格兰人口普查数据的代表性5%样本和苏格兰警察部队的小区域犯罪率有关。与犯罪相关的系数来自预测低出生体重（< 2500 g）、平均出生体重、小于胎龄和早产的所有单胎活产的粗模型和混杂因素调整模型。结果如下：总犯罪率与平均出生体重的大幅下降以及小于胎龄儿和早产的风险增加有关。除早产外，这些影响对个体特征（包括吸烟、种族和其他社会经济变量）以及基于区域的混杂因素（包括空气污染）的调整是稳健的。平均出生体重是强大的额外调整邻里收入剥夺。结论：母亲居住地区的犯罪率可能是所感受到的威胁程度以及因此所经历的压力的代表，似乎是不利生育结果风险的一个重要决定因素。
Background: Patterns of adverse birth outcomes vary spatially and there is evidence that this may relate to features of the physical environment such as air pollution. However, other social characteristics of the environment such as levels of crime are relatively understudied. This study examines the association between crime rates and birth weight and prematurity. Methods: Maternity inpatient data recorded at birth, including residential postcode, was linked to a representative 5% sample of Scottish Census data and small area crime rates from Scottish Police forces. Coefficients associated with crime were reported from crude and confounder adjusted models predicting low birth weight (< 2500 g), mean birthweight, small for gestational age and prematurity for all singleton live births. Results: Total crime rates were associated with strong and significant reductions in mean birth weight and increases in the risks of both a small for gestational age baby and premature birth. These effects, with the exception of prematurity, were robust to adjustment for individual characteristics including smoking, ethnicity and other socio-economic variables as well as area based confounders including air pollution. Mean birth weight was robust to additional adjustment for neighbourhood income deprivation. Conclusion: The level of crime in a mother’s area of residence, which may be a proxy for the degree of threat felt and therefore stress experienced, appears to be an important determinant of the risk of adverse birth outcomes.