Reconceptualizing Children's Rights in International Development: Living Rights, Social Justice, Translations
Reconceptualizing Children's Rights in International Development: Living Rights, Social Justice, Translations
复制标题
重新概念化国际发展中的儿童权利：生活权利、社会正义、翻译
DOI：
10.1111/lasr.12132
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
M. Sabatello
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Sabatello
重新概念化国际发展中的儿童权利：生活权利、社会正义、翻译。作者：卡尔·埃兰森和奥尔加·尼文休斯。剑桥：剑桥大学出版社，2013 年。302 页。99.00 美元布。尽管《儿童权利公约》(CRC) 已于 25 年前通过，但有关其中（及其他）所载权利的含义和范围的问题在当代有关儿童权利的讨论中仍然具有相关性。大量报告表明，侵犯儿童权利的行为在世界许多地区仍然猖獗，发展中国家普遍成为儿童权利倡导者批评的主要目标。然而，《儿童权利公约》新法律秩序中最具挑战性的方面也许是儿童机构的概念。尽管《儿童权利公约》明确意图将儿童的概念从文化融入的客体转变为自身权利的主体，从社会、政治和家庭环境中的被动参与者转变为积极参与者，但如何理解“儿童的声音”以及如何将其纳入人权话语仍然存在争议。本书的编辑卡尔·汉森和奥尔加·尼文休斯编写了一系列文章，从以儿童为中心的角度解决这一问题。儿童权利倡导者经常将《儿童权利公约》视为一项中立的法律改革，并且随后将儿童视为从事工作等活动时的受害者，与此相反，本书的总体目标是提供一个上下文相关的、自下而上的说明，说明儿童如何理解、解释和践行自己的权利。为了实现这一目标，本书提出了一个儿童权利的概念框架，其中包括三个关键的、相互关联的概念：生存权、社会正义以及将儿童权利转化为实践。通过这样做，本书旨在开始掌握权利如何在儿童的生活现实和日常斗争中形成的复杂性（第6页），帮助理解儿童权利在当今发展中世界发挥作用的复杂方式，并发展一种超越儿童的当代理论，更广泛地延伸到人权（第22页）。因此，除了介绍性章节和结论性章节外，本书的三个部分对应于这三个概念。第一部分探讨生活权。这四个章节通过分析当地女孩关于婚姻实践的话语、街头生活和工作的儿童的快照、儿童在家庭生计活动中的谈判策略以及儿童作为农民工的自决实践，展示了儿童如何在社会世界中塑造各种权利。第二部分重点讨论社会正义的概念，编辑们将其解释为涵盖道德经济、作为必需品（从土地和就业到健康、教育和食品）担保人的国家，以及挑战精英的社会运动。本部分的三章强调了人格、自治和亲属关系等相互冲突的本地和国际核心概念，以及认识到各种文化、政治和社会力量的必要性，以便在儿童权利的利益相关者之间开展富有成效的对话。 ……
Reconceptualizing Children's Rights in International Development: Living Rights, Social Justice, Translations. By Karl Elanson and Olga Nieuwenhuys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 302 pp. $99.00 cloth.Although the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) was adopted 25 years ago, questions about the meaning and scope of the rights enshrined in it (and beyond) remain relevant in contemporary discourse on children's rights. Numerous reports suggest that violations of children's rights are still rampant in much of the world, with developing countries commonly being a major target of criticism by children's rights advocates. However, perhaps the most challenging aspect of the CRC's new legal order is the concept of children's agency. Notwithstanding the CRC's clear intention to shift the conceptualization of children from objects of enculturation to subjects in their own right, and from passive to active participants in their social, political, and familial milieu, answering what to make of the "child's voice" and how to incorporate it in the human rights discourse remains controversial.The book's editors, Karl Hanson and Olga Nieuwenhuys, compiled a collection of essays to address this question from a child-centered approach. Contrary to the view of the CRC as a neutral legal reform, as often portrayed by children's rights advocates, and the subsequent discourse on children as victims when they engage, for example, with work, the overarching goal of the book is to provide a contextual, bottom up account of how children understand, interpret, and act on their rights. Toward this goal, the book proposes a conceptual framework for children's rights comprised of three key, inter-related concepts: living rights, social justice, and translations of children's rights into practice. By so doing, the book aims to start to grasp the complexities of how rights take shape in children's living realities and daily struggles (p. 6), to help understand the complex ways in which children's rights come into play in today's developing world, and to develop a contemporary theory that extends beyond children to human rights more generally (p. 22).Accordingly, in addition to introductory and concluding chapters, the book's three parts correspond to these three concepts. Part I examines living rights. Analyzing girls' local discourse on marital practices, snapshots produced by children living and working on the streets, children's negotiation strategies in household livelihood activities and children's self-determination practices as migrant workers, the four chapters demonstrate how children shape the various rights in their social world. Part II focuses on the concept of social justice, which the editors interpret to encompass moral economy, the state as guarantor of necessary goods (from land and employment to health, education and food), and social movements challenging the elites. The three chapters in this part highlight conflicting local and international core conceptualizations of personhood, autonomy, and kinship and the need for recognizing the various cultural, political, and social forces to develop a fruitful conversation between the stakeholders of children's rights. …