Protective responses induced by herbicide safeners in wheat.
Protective responses induced by herbicide safeners in wheat.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.12.030
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Edwards, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor, Victoria L.;Cummins, Ian;Brazier-Hicks, Melissa;Edwards, Robert
关键词：
3种安全剂处理的小麦诱导的谷胱甘肽转移酶（GST）相同。2.两种安全剂对幼苗生长均有促进作用。GST诱导是短暂的、饱和的和组织依赖性的。用安全剂处理过的种子能够在化学污染的土壤上发芽。安全剂是增强谷物包括小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）通过提高外源性解毒酶的表达，如谷胱甘肽转移酶（GST）。当小麦植株喷雾处理与三种安全剂的化学，即解毒喹，解草酯和解草唑乙酯，一个明显相同的子集的GST衍生的tau，phi和lambda类积累在树叶中。与密切相关的吡唑解草酯和解草唑乙酯处理增强了幼苗的芽生长，但这种效果与化学无关的解毒喹并不确定。以解毒喹为重点，发现治疗仅能短暂诱导GST，升高时间具有剂量依赖性。检查安全剂代谢在控制这些反应中的作用，确定解毒喹迅速水解为相应的羧酸。对解毒喹的研究表明，解毒喹酸在诱导GST方面与解毒喹酯同样有效，似乎是一种活性安全剂。对GST的组织诱导的研究表明，虽然phi和tau类酶在所有组织中被诱导，但λ酶的诱导仅限于分生组织。为了测试解毒喹在小麦中对除除草剂以外的化学品的潜在保护作用，种子在播种到含有油和一系列重金属的土壤之前被预先浸泡在安全剂中。虽然未经处理的种子无法在受污染的土壤上发芽，但安全剂处理导致幼苗在屈服于污染物之前短暂生长。我们的研究结果表明，安全剂在小麦中发挥了一系列保护和促进生长的作用，这些作用超出了增强对除草剂的耐受性。
► Wheat treated with 3 safeners induced identical glutathione transferases (GSTs). ► Two safeners caused an enhancement in seedling growth. ► GST induction was transient, saturable and tissue dependent. ► Seeds treated with safeners were able to germinate on chemically contaminated soil. Safeners are agrochemicals which enhance tolerance to herbicides in cereals including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by elevating the expression of xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione transferases (GSTs). When wheat plants were spray-treated with three safener chemistries, namely cloquintocet mexyl, mefenpyr diethyl and fenchlorazole ethyl, an apparently identical subset of GSTs derived from the tau, phi and lambda classes accumulated in the foliage. Treatment with the closely related mefenpyr diethyl and fenchlorazole ethyl enhanced seedling shoot growth, but this effect was not determined with the chemically unrelated cloquintocet mexyl. Focussing on cloquintocet mexyl, treatments were found to only give a transient induction of GSTs, with the period of elevation being dose dependent. Examining the role of safener metabolism in controlling these responses, it was determined that cloquintocet mexyl was rapidly hydrolysed to the respective carboxylic acid. Studies with cloquintocet showed that the acid was equally effective at inducing GSTs as the ester and appeared to be the active safener. Studies on the tissue induction of GSTs showed that whilst phi and tau class enzymes were induced in all tissues, the induction of the lambda enzymes was restricted to the meristems. To test the potential protective effects of cloquintocet mexyl in wheat on chemicals other than herbicides, seeds were pre-soaked in safeners prior to sowing on soil containing oil and a range of heavy metals. Whilst untreated seeds were unable to germinate on the contaminated soil, safener treatments resulted in seedlings briefly growing before succumbing to the pollutants. Our results show that safeners exert a range of protective and growth promoting activities in wheat that extend beyond enhancing tolerance to herbicides.
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影响因子：
4.7
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