Recent Advancements in Our Understanding of the Ergogenic Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review.
Recent Advancements in Our Understanding of the Ergogenic Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review.
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DOI：
10.1519/jsc.0000000000002730
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发表时间：
2018-09
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Shei RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shei RJ
呼吸肌训练（RMT）已被证明是一种有效的运动表现的ergogenic援助。RMT已被证明可以改善各种运动方式的表现，包括跑步，骑自行车，游泳和划船。RMT的生理效应可以解释性能的改善，已经提出包括膈肌肥大、肌纤维类型转换、呼吸肌神经控制的改善、呼吸肌经济性的增加、呼吸肌代谢反射的衰减以及呼吸困难和用力的减少。本文综述了自2013年以来关于RMT的致能性和机制的最新研究，当时该主题最后一次系统综述。最近的证据证实了RMT的致能作用，并探索了不同的负荷方案，如同时运动和呼吸肌训练（即，“功能性”RMT）。这些研究表明，采用新的训练方案可能会产生额外的改善效果，但到目前为止，这种方法的有效性的证据是相互矛盾的。其他最近的调查进一步加深了我们对RMT相关性能改善机制的理解。重要的是，呼吸效率，氧气输送，细胞因子释放，运动募集模式和呼吸肌疲劳抗性的变化被强调为潜在的机制因素，将RMT与性能改善联系起来。有人建议，未来的调查重点发展的运动特定的RMT加载协议，并进行进一步的工作，以更好地了解RMT引起的性能改善的机械基础。
Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid for sport performance. RMT has been documented to improve performance in a wide range of exercise modalities including running, cycling, swimming, and rowing. The physiological effects of RMT that may explain the improvements in performance have been proposed to include diaphragm hypertrophy, muscle fiber type switching, improved neural control of the respiratory muscles, increased respiratory muscle economy, attenuation of the respiratory muscle metaboreflex, and decreases in perceived breathlessness and exertion. This review summarizes recent studies on the ergogenicity and mechanisms of RMT since 2013 when the topic was last systematically reviewed. Recent evidence confirms the ergogenic effects of RMT, and explores different loading protocols, such as concurrent exercise and respiratory muscle training (i.e., “functional” RMT). These studies suggest that adapting new training protocols may have an additive improvement effect, but evidence of the efficacy of such an approach is conflicting thus far. Other recent investigations have furthered our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning RMT-associated improvements in performance. Importantly, changes in ventilatory efficiency, oxygen delivery, cytokine release, motor recruitment patterns, and respiratory muscle fatigue resistance are highlighted as potential mechanistic factors linking RMT with performance improvements. It is suggested that future investigations focus on development of sport-specific RMT loading protocols, and that further work be undertaken to better understand the mechanistic basis of RMT-induced performance improvements.