Using an environmental public health tracking biomonitoring study to validate safe water restoration efforts in Florida.
Using an environmental public health tracking biomonitoring study to validate safe water restoration efforts in Florida.
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DOI：
10.1097/phh.0000000000000167
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发表时间：
2015-03
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
M. Jordan;C. DuClos;Kristina W. Kintziger;Albert Gray;M. Bonometti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Jordan;C. DuClos;Kristina W. Kintziger;Albert Gray;M. Bonometti
无机砷在饮用多年后是一种致癌物质，是与井水有关的砷的类型。佛罗里达州中部许多县的私人水井被发现含有超过10 μg/L的砷，这是美国环境保护署规定的最大污染物水平（MCL）。目的本研究的目的是测试砷含量高于MCL的家庭中使用瓶装水或在家庭主要水源（如厨房水槽）上安装了使用点（POU）过滤器的个人是否通过家庭中其他未经过滤的水源摄入了不安全水平的砷。设计对2013年4月至7月饮用水砷浓度（10 μg/L）高于（病例）和低于（对照）自井居民进行病例-对照研究。居住在佛罗里达州埃尔南多县的居民拥有私人水井，在1200口测试的井中，有近400口被发现砷含量升高（目标取样）。干预措施水中砷含量升高的参与者被转介到佛罗里达州安全水恢复计划，以获得瓶装水券和/或POU过滤器的帮助。主要观察指标：肌酐校正后的尿总砷水平、用水和消费行为、饮食摄入和其他可能的暴露源信息。结果使用POU过滤器和瓶装水的患者尿中总砷水平与对照组相似（几何平均值分别为7.17和7.19 μg/L）。结论：佛罗里达安全水恢复计划目前采用的做法是向私人井中砷含量在10至50 μg/L之间的家庭提供POU过滤器或瓶装水，这似乎足以保护居民免受自来水中的砷暴露。
CONTEXT Inorganic arsenic is a carcinogen when consumed over many years and is the type of arsenic that is associated with well water. Private wells in many central Florida counties have been found to contain levels of arsenic above 10 μg/L, which is the maximum contaminant level (MCL) established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test whether individuals living in homes with arsenic levels above the MCL who use bottled water or have a point of use (POU) filter on their main source of water in the house (eg, kitchen sink) are ingesting unsafe levels of arsenic through other unfiltered water sources in the home. DESIGN Case-control study of residents with private wells above (case) and below (control) the MCL for arsenic in drinking water (10 μg/L) conducted between April and July 2013. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Residents with private wells living in Hernando County, Florida, where nearly 400 unique wells of 1200 tested have been found to have elevated arsenic levels (targeted sampling). INTERVENTION Participants with elevated water arsenic levels were referred to the Florida Safe Water Restoration Program for assistance in obtaining bottled water vouchers and/or POU filters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Creatinine-corrected total urinary arsenic levels and information on water use and consumption behaviors, dietary intake, and other possible exposure sources. RESULTS Total urinary arsenic levels were similar for cases using POU filters or bottled water when compared with controls (geometric means of 7.17 and 7.19 μg/L, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The current practice used by the Florida Safe Water Restoration Program of supplying POU filters or bottled water to households with arsenic levels in private wells between 10 and 50 μg/L appears to be sufficient to protect residents from arsenic exposure through tap water.