DYNAMIC REPRESENTATION
DYNAMIC REPRESENTATION
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DOI：
10.2307/2082973
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发表时间：
1995-09-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
ERIKSON, RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
STIMSON, JA;MACKUEN, MB;ERIKSON, RS
如果公众舆论发生变化，然后公共政策做出回应，这就是动态代表。民意是美国选民的全球政策偏好。政策是民选和非民选官员的各种行为。政策响应的两种机制是：（1）选举改变政府的政治组成，然后反映在新的政策中;（2）决策者计算当前公众观点的未来（主要是选举）影响，并据此采取行动（理性预期）。我们为众议院、参议院、总统府和最高法院制定了多个政策活动指标，然后将政策自由主义建模为两种机制的联合功能。对于每一个单独的机构，以及在对“政府作为一个整体”的全球分析中，我们发现政策动态地响应公众舆论的变化。正如宪政设计所预期的那样，这种反应在级别和机制上因机构而异。
If public opinion changes and then public policy responds, this is dynamic representation. Public opinion is the global policy preference of the American electorate. Policy is a diverse set of acts of elected and unelected officials. Two mechanisms of policy responsiveness are (1) elections change the government's political composition, which is then reflected in new policy and (2) policymakers calculate future (mainly electoral) implications of current public views and act accordingly (rational anticipation). We develop multiple indicators of policy activity for the House, Senate, presidency, and Supreme Court, then model policy liberalism as a joint function of the two mechanisms. For each institution separately, and also in a global analysis of ''government as a whole,'' we find that policy responds dynamically to public opinion change. This responsiveness varies by institution, both in level and in mechanism, as would be expected from constitutional design.