Nanomaterials for Cancer Precision Medicine
Nanomaterials for Cancer Precision Medicine
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用于癌症精准医学的纳米材料
DOI：
10.1002/adma.201705660
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Shi Donglu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang Yilong;Sun Shuyang;Zhang Zhiyuan;Shi Donglu
医学科学最近已经发展到可以高精度地进行诊断和治疗的地步，甚至在分子水平上。因此，出现了一个新的“精准医学”领域，具有特定的临床意义和挑战，新开发的纳米材料可以很好地解决这些问题。在这里，提供了一种精确医学的纳米科学方法，重点是癌症治疗，基于“分子定义的癌症”的新概念。“下一代测序”被引入以识别负责一类癌症的癌基因。这种新方法与传统的癌症治疗方法有着根本的不同，传统的癌症治疗方法依赖于肿瘤的解剖学起源。为了在分子水平上治疗癌症，最近开发的“microRNA替代疗法”使用纳米载体，以调节驱动癌基因，这是癌症精确治疗的核心。此外，纳米介导的致癌调控的结果必须通过遗传表征的患者来源的异种移植物模型进行准确评估。这种方式的癌症治疗是精准医学的典型例子，对材料界提出了许多挑战，在结构设计、表面功能化、基因/药物储存和递送、细胞靶向和医学成像方面都有新的问题。
Medical science has recently advanced to the point where diagnosis and therapeutics can be carried out with high precision, even at the molecular level. A new field of “precision medicine” has consequently emerged with specific clinical implications and challenges that can be well‐addressed by newly developed nanomaterials. Here, a nanoscience approach to precision medicine is provided, with a focus on cancer therapy, based on a new concept of “molecularly‐defined cancers.” “Next‐generation sequencing” is introduced to identify the oncogene that is responsible for a class of cancers. This new approach is fundamentally different from all conventional cancer therapies that rely on diagnosis of the anatomic origins where the tumors are found. To treat cancers at molecular level, a recently developed “microRNA replacement therapy” is applied, utilizing nanocarriers, in order to regulate the driver oncogene, which is the core of cancer precision therapeutics. Furthermore, the outcome of the nanomediated oncogenic regulation has to be accurately assessed by the genetically characterized, patient‐derived xenograft models. Cancer therapy in this fashion is a quintessential example of precision medicine, presenting many challenges to the materials communities with new issues in structural design, surface functionalization, gene/drug storage and delivery, cell targeting, and medical imaging.