Adalbert Evers and Jean-Louis Laville (eds.), The Third Sector in Europe, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK,
Adalbert Evers and Jean-Louis Laville (eds.), The Third Sector in Europe, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK,
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Adalbert Evers 和 Jean-Louis Laville（编辑），《欧洲第三部门》，Edward Elgar，英国切尔滕纳姆，
DOI：
10.1007/s11266-005-5699-z
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Scott
这是一本重要的书。在过去30年里，第三部门学术兴趣的增长在很大程度上是由美国研究人员推动的。美国的经济学家已经形成了理论发展，专注于非营利组织，特别是那些在美国税法中被列为慈善机构的组织。在这个理论发展的过程中，他们在新古典主义范式下运作，给予市场特权。非营利组织被解释为对各种市场失灵的反应。尽管这些理论声称普遍适用，但在很大程度上，它们无意识地反映了美国的文化和制度环境，并假设它适用于所有地方。实证研究只提供了有限的支持，其他理论已经开始涌现。借鉴欧洲的经验以及社会学和政治学的学科，欧洲的第三部门开始阐述另一种理论框架，以理解第三部门及其未来可能的发展。这本书包括一系列章节，分为四个部分。第一部分是两位编辑在合作者中其他人的协助下撰写的一篇文章，阐述了欧洲对第三部门进行理论化的方法，并介绍了第二部分，其中包含分析六个欧洲国家发展的文章。这些论文探讨了每个国家该部门的历史和可能的未来发展，在不同程度上使用了第一部分阐述的理论重点。他们都以不同的方式探讨了政府与第三部门之间的关系，强调了这种关系的密切程度。第三部分包括三篇文章，在欧盟更广泛的政府框架内审视第三部门。最后一部分有两章，建立在前面几章中预测的一些主题的基础上。也许是因为几位作者通过欧洲Emes网络参与了其他项目，所以这本书的内容通常不会在一本围绕一系列国家研究的书中找到一致性。然而，它的核心也有一个令人费解的矛盾。
This is an important book. The growth of scholarly interest in the third sector over the past thirty years has been largely driven by American researchers. Economists in the United States have shaped theory development, focusing on nonprofit organizations, particularly those listed in the US tax code as charities. In this process of theory development, they have worked within the neoclassical paradigm, privileging markets. Nonprofit organizations are explained as responses to various sorts of market failure. Although these theories claim universal application, for the most part they unconsciously reflect the cultural and institutional environment of the United States and assume that it applies everywhere. Empirical research provides only limited support, and other theories have begun to emerge. Drawing on European experience and the disciplines of sociology and political science, The Third Sector in Europe begins to elaborate an alternative theoretical framework for understanding the third sector and its likely future development. The book contains a series of chapters, organized into four parts. The first part, a single essay by the two editors assisted by others among their collaborators, sets out a European approach to theorizing the third sector and introduces a second part containing essays analyzing developments in six European countries. These essays explore both the history and likely future development of the sector in each country, using to varying degrees, the theoretical emphases elaborated in the first part. In different ways, all explore relations between governments and the third sector, emphasizing the closeness of this relationship. A third part contains three essays viewing the third sector within the wider governmental framework of the European Union. A final part with two chapters builds upon a number of the themes prefigured in earlier chapters. Perhaps because several of the authors have worked on other projects through the European EMES network, there is coherence to the volume not usually found in a book built around a series of country studies. Yet there is also a puzzling contradiction at its heart.