The molecular biology of coronaviruses.
The molecular biology of coronaviruses.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0065-3527(06)66005-3
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Masters PS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Masters PS
冠状病毒是一种大型包膜RNA病毒，在医学和兽医领域都具有重要意义。在过去几年中，由于鉴定出一种新出现的冠状病毒是严重急性呼吸系统综合征（SARS）的病原体，人们对这一病毒家族的兴趣日益浓厚。在分子水平上，冠状病毒采用各种不同寻常的策略来完成复杂的基因表达程序。冠状病毒的复制需要基因组翻译过程中的核糖体移框，基因组和多个亚基因组RNA物种的合成，以及通过包膜RNA病毒中独特的途径组装子代病毒粒子。反向遗传系统的发展促进了对这些过程的研究进展，这一进展此前一直受到冠状病毒基因组巨大规模的阻碍。本文综述了这些感染因子分子生物学研究中的经典和现代发现，特别强调了病毒受体的性质和识别、病毒RNA合成以及控制病毒粒子组装的分子相互作用。
Coronaviruses are large, enveloped RNA viruses of both medical and veterinary importance. Interest in this viral family has intensified in the past few years as a result of the identification of a newly emerged coronavirus as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). At the molecular level, coronaviruses employ a variety of unusual strategies to accomplish a complex program of gene expression. Coronavirus replication entails ribosome frameshifting during genome translation, the synthesis of both genomic and multiple subgenomic RNA species, and the assembly of progeny virions by a pathway that is unique among enveloped RNA viruses. Progress in the investigation of these processes has been enhanced by the development of reverse genetic systems, an advance that was heretofore obstructed by the enormous size of the coronavirus genome. This review summarizes both classical and contemporary discoveries in the study of the molecular biology of these infectious agents, with particular emphasis on the nature and recognition of viral receptors, viral RNA synthesis, and the molecular interactions governing virion assembly.