Evidence for model-based encoding of Pavlovian contingencies in the human brain
Evidence for model-based encoding of Pavlovian contingencies in the human brain
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-019-08922-7
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发表时间：
2019-03-07
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
O'Doherty, John P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pauli, Wolfgang M.;Gentile, Giovanni;O'Doherty, John P.
巴甫洛夫条件反射的著名理论成功地近似了条件反射的频率和强度，假设学习完全是无模型的;动物不会发展出事件的认知地图。然而，这些无模型的近似不足以全面捕捉巴甫洛夫条件反射中的学习和行为。因此，我们对人类参与者的高分辨率功能性MRI数据进行了多体素模式分析，以测试刺激-刺激关联的编码，这些编码可以支持巴甫洛夫条件反射期间基于模型的计算。我们发现，纹状体的可分离的子区域编码的刺激-刺激协会和预测值的预测，在某种程度上是直接相关的学习成绩。眶额皮层的活动模式也被发现与刺激刺激以及价值编码有关。这些结果表明，在巴甫洛夫条件反射过程中，大脑对基于模型的表征进行编码，并且这些表征被用于行为服务。
Prominent accounts of Pavlovian conditioning successfully approximate the frequency and intensity of conditioned responses under the assumption that learning is exclusively model-free; that animals do not develop a cognitive map of events. However, these model-free approximations fall short of comprehensively capturing learning and behavior in Pavlovian conditioning. We therefore performed multivoxel pattern analysis of high-resolution functional MRI data in human participants to test for the encoding of stimulus-stimulus associations that could support model-based computations during Pavlovian conditioning. We found that dissociable sub-regions of the striatum encode predictions of stimulus-stimulus associations and predictive value, in a manner that is directly related to learning performance. Activity patterns in the orbitofrontal cortex were also found to be related to stimulus-stimulus as well as value encoding. These results suggest that the brain encodes model-based representations during Pavlovian conditioning, and that these representations are utilized in the service of behavior.