How well do we understand landscape effects on pollinators and pollination services
How well do we understand landscape effects on pollinators and pollination services
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我们对景观对授粉媒介和授粉服务的影响了解多少
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Primo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Viana;D. Boscolo;L. E. Lopes;A. Lopes;P. Fereira;C. M. Pigozzo;L. Primo
过去十年的许多研究，主要是在温带国家，记录了栖息地丧失和破碎化对物种丰富度，组成和丰度以及传粉者行为的影响。景观结构的变化被认为是限制农业系统授粉服务的主要原因。在这里，我们审查的一般模式的证据，以及知识的差距，可用于支持政策的制定传粉者保护和退化景观的恢复。我们的研究结果表明，最近的授粉过程和景观格局之间的关系的研究数量增加，已经建立了一些关键的趋势。例如，许多作者指出，景观的空间组织对许多传粉者的生存和传播能力有很大的影响，因为空间组织影响资源的可用性，并决定景观的功能连通性。此外，每种自然环境斑块的形状、大小和空间排列，以及不同类型土地使用的出现，可能会造成斑块之间连通程度不同的地点，甚至阻碍斑块之间的移动，这可能会深刻地改变景观中的传粉者流动，从而影响异花授粉的成功。然而，仍然存在一些差距，例如在了解哪些栖息地丧失的临界值会导致传粉者灭绝率急剧增加方面，需要评估植物-传粉者相互作用可能崩溃的信息。我们还需要集中研究努力，提高景观的能力，以促进作物和筑巢/觅食区之间的传粉者流动（连接）。
Many studies in the past decade, mostly in temperate countries, have documented the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on species richness, composition, and abundance and the behaviour of pollinators. Changes in landscape structure are considered to be the primary causes of the limitation of pollination services in agricultural systems. Here, we review evidence of general patterns as well as gaps in knowledge that could be used to support the development of policies for pollinator conservation and the restoration of degraded landscapes. Our results indicate a recent increase in the number of studies on the relationships between pollination processes and landscape patterns, with some key trends already being established. Many authors indicate, for example, that the spatial organization of a landscape has a great influence on the survival and dispersal capacity of many pollinators, as spatial organization affects resource availability and determines the functional connectivity of the landscape. Additionally, the shape, size and spatial arrangement of the patches of each type of natural environment, as well as the occurrence of different types of land use, can create sites with different degrees of connectivity or even barriers to movement between patches, which can deeply modify pollinator flows through the landscape and consequently the success of cross-pollination. However, there are still some gaps, such as in the knowledge of which critical values of habitat loss can lead to drastic increases in pollinator extinction rates, information that is needed to evaluate at what point plant-pollinator interactions may collapse. We also need to concentrate research effort on improving a landscape’s capacity to facilitate pollinator flow (connectivity) between crops and nesting/foraging areas.