The Commonwealth and the Cold War, Neutralism, and Non-Alignment

The Commonwealth and the Cold War, Neutralism, and Non-Alignment
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英联邦与冷战、中立主义和不结盟

DOI:
10.1080/07075332.2015.1053965
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
The International History Review
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Onslow S
Onslow S
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Onslow S

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在冷战时期,英联邦代表了一个全球性的子系统,它既允许又使多重身份成为可能。1949年至1990年间,作为英国非殖民化的直接产物,英联邦包括49个大小不一的成员国,这些成员国的议程和发展需求与来自全球“北方”的较大成员国截然不同。其成员包括:北约国家、澳新美、不结盟运动、非统组织、加共体和东加勒比国家组织。作为一个“独特的主权政权”,英联邦蔑视意识形态的定型。它拥有组织结构和官僚支持;它结合了经济,金融,技术和科学协会,并通过其秘书长的自由度赋予外交作用。英联邦的两个持续的“大战略”是通过促进发展追求种族正义(在罗得西亚,西南非洲/南非)和社会正义,重点是新独立国家的主要关注事项及其民族/国家建设项目。这些冲突与冷战有关,但绝不是由冷战定义的,代表了西方/南方的合作,而不是东方/西方的对抗。
In the Cold War era, the Commonwealth represented a global sub-system which both permitted and enabled multiple identities. Between 1949 and 1990, as a direct product of British decolonisation, the Commonwealth came to include forty-nine members of varying size with very different agenda and developmental needs to those larger members from the global ‘North’. Its heterogeneous membership included: NATO countries; ANZUS; the Non-Aligned Movement; the OAU; CARICOM; and the Organisation of East Caribbean States. As a ‘unique sovereign regime’, the Commonwealth defied ideological typecasting. It possessed organisational structure and bureaucratic support; it combined economic, financial, technical, and scientific association, and privileged the role of diplomacy through the latitude permitted to its Secretary-General. The Commonwealth's two sustained ‘grand strategies’ were the pursuit of racial justice (in Rhodesia, South West Africa/South Africa) and social justice through the promotion of development, focusing on the principal preoccupations of newly independent states and their nation/state-building projects. These intersected with, but were by no means defined by, the Cold War, and represented a collaboration of West/South, rather than the confrontation of East/West.
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