Consistent ozone-induced decreases in pasture forage quality across several grassland types and consequences for UK lamb production.
Consistent ozone-induced decreases in pasture forage quality across several grassland types and consequences for UK lamb production.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.128
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Hayes;G. Mills;L. Jones;J. Abbott;M. Ashmore;J. Barnes;J. Neil Cape;M. Coyle;S. Peacock;N. Rintoul;S. Toet;K. Wedlich;Kirsten Wyness
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文献类型：
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作者：
F. Hayes;G. Mills;L. Jones;J. Abbott;M. Ashmore;J. Barnes;J. Neil Cape;M. Coyle;S. Peacock;N. Rintoul;S. Toet;K. Wedlich;Kirsten Wyness
在这项研究中，我们已经证明，不断上升的背景臭氧有可能降低草地牧草质量，并探讨了对畜牧业生产的影响。我们分析了七个臭氧暴露实验，包括中营养，石灰质，干草草甸和沙丘未改良的草原在开顶室，太阳能罩和现场释放系统进行的牧场样品。在所有草地类型，有显着增加酸性洗涤剂纤维，粗纤维和木质素含量与臭氧浓度的增加，导致牧草质量下降的植被的代谢能含量。我们得出了一个剂量响应函数的代谢能量的草地与臭氧浓度，适用于一系列的草地类型，并使用此来预测牧场质量的影响，英国植被在1公里的分辨率，使用模拟的臭氧数据为2007年和预测的较高的平均臭氧浓度在2020年。这表明，与2007年相比，2020年英国羊肉产量可能减少约4%。影响最大的是在这两年臭氧略有增加的地理区域，但那里有大量的羔羊。对于以非常小的成本利润工作的个体农民来说，这可能意味着利润的大幅减少，无论是在每只羔羊的影响还是在每平方公里牧场的影响最大的地区。在短期内，农民可以通过增加高代谢能含量的补充饲料来适应牧草质量的变化。在全国范围内，与2007年相比，2020年每年增加的饲料量将为2，166吨（增加0.7%）。更令人关切的是牧场质量持续恶化的长期后果，以及为弥补畜牧生产能力可能下降而改变耕作方法的影响。
In this study we have demonstrated that rising background ozone has the potential to reduce grassland forage quality and explored the implications for livestock production. We analysed pasture samples from seven ozone exposure experiments comprising mesotrophic, calcareous, haymeadow and sanddune unimproved grasslands conducted in open-top chambers, solardomes and a field release system. Across all grassland types, there were significant increases in acid detergent fibre, crude fibre and lignin content with increasing ozone concentration, resulting in decreased pasture quality in terms of the metabolisable energy content of the vegetation. We derived a dose-response function for metabolisable energy of the grassland with ozone concentration, applicable to a range of grassland types, and used this to predict effects on pasture quality of UK vegetation at 1 km resolution using modelled ozone data for 2007 and for predicted higher average ozone concentrations in 2020. This showed a potential total reduction in lamb production in the UK of approximately 4% in 2020 compared to 2007. The largest impacts were in geographical areas of modest ozone increases between the two years, but where large numbers of lambs were present. For an individual farmer working to a very small cost margin this could represent a large reduction in profit, both in regions where the impacts per lamb and those where the impacts per km2of grazing land are largest. In the short term farmers could adapt their lamb management in response to changed forage quality by additional supplementary feed of high metabolisable energy content. Nationally this increase in annual additional feed in 2020 compared to 2007 would be 2,166 tonnes (an increase of 0.7%). Of added concern are the longer-term consequences of continual deterioration of pasture quality and the implications for changes in farming practices to compensate for potential reductions in livestock production capacity.