Survival under chronic stress from sediment load: Spatial patterns of hard coral communities in the southern islands of Singapore
Survival under chronic stress from sediment load: Spatial patterns of hard coral communities in the southern islands of Singapore
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.02.011
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
van Woesik, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dikou, Angela;van Woesik, Robert
在新加坡南部岛屿西海岸，距离人口稠密的大都市区越来越远的地方选择了六个珊瑚礁地点，以研究珊瑚礁上坡（大约4 m）的珊瑚礁群落空间格局以及相关的环境条件。长期暴露在高沉积物负荷下是人为压力最明显的形式。瓷砖的招募率较低（1.4 +/- 1.0-20 +/- 14.7 名招募者 m(-2) 年(-1)），但向新加坡主岛方向下降，硬珊瑚覆盖率和珊瑚密度也是如此。珊瑚动物群由通常在较深水域中发现的属（例如，真菌类、叶珊瑚属、细叶珊瑚属和棘珊瑚属）或那些非常适应浑浊水域的属（例如，滨珊瑚属、扇形珊瑚属、细珊瑚属、Montipora）组成。消光系数 (K) 和活珊瑚覆盖率 (%LCC) 显示出很强的反曲线关系 (%LCC = 13.60 * K-3.40)。同样，沉积物沉积率 (DFSPM) (RR = 1.51-0.17 * DFSPM) 和水体透明度 (RR = 3.56-2.92 * K) 与补充率 (RR) 表现出很强的反比关系。尽管测量到的悬浮颗粒物和悬浮固体的向下通量水平完全在文献中记录的“正常”水平之内，但海底空间的比例、一般珊瑚组成和地点历史提供了长期暴露于增加的沉积物负荷的令人信服的证据。显然，自 20 世纪 70 年代初开始监测以来，水体透明度和活珊瑚覆盖率都在下降，事实上，自 1980 年代以来，所有检查地点的珊瑚覆盖率都减少了一半以上，底栖空间主要被沉积物和丝状藻覆盖的死珊瑚占据。 (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Six reef sites were chosen along the west coast of the southern islands of Singapore, at an increasing distance from the densely populated metropolitan area, to study the spatial patterns of coral reef communities on the upper reef slope (similar to 4 m) and the associated environmental conditions. Chronic exposure to high sediment load was the most obvious form of anthropogenic stress. Recruitment rates on ceramic tiles were low (1.4 +/- 1.0-20 +/- 14.7 recruits m(-2) yr(-1)) but decreased towards the main island of Singapore as did hard coral cover and coral density. Coral fauna consisted of genera generally found in deeper waters (e.g., fungiids, foliose Oxypora, Leptoseris, and Echinopora) or those well-adapted to turbid waters (e.g., Porites, Pectinia, Leptastrea, Montipora). Light extinction coefficient (K) and % live coral cover (%LCC) showed a strong and inverse curvilinear relationship (%LCC = 13.60 * K-3.40). Similarly, the rate of sediment deposition (DFSPM) (RR = 1.51-0.17 * DFSPM) and water clarity (RR = 3.56-2.92 * K) exhibited strong and inverse relationships with recruitment rates (RR). Although measured levels of the downward flux of suspended particulate matter and suspended solids were well within "normal" levels recorded in the literature, it was the proportion of benthic space, generic coral composition, and site history that offered compelling evidence of chronic exposure to increased sediment load. Clearly a reduction in both water clarity and live-coral cover has taken place since monitoring efforts began in the early 1970s, in fact coral cover has more than halved at all sites examined since the 1980s and benthic space was predominantly occupied by dead corals covered with sediment and filamentous algae. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.