Wisdom from the fly.
Wisdom from the fly.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tig.2014.08.003
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发表时间：
2014-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Larschan EN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rieder LE;Larschan EN
可以说，几乎所有关于果蝇的研究都可以被认为是基础研究，但人类遗传学中许多最重要和最基本的概念都是在果蝇身上首次解码的。尽管果蝇基因组仅由四条染色体组成，大小约为人类基因组的二十分之一，但它包含的基因数量大致相同，并且高达75%的人类疾病相关基因与果蝇有同源物[1]。甚至在与人类如此令人信服的同源性明显之前，苍蝇就因其简单和实用而受到珍视。自从托马斯·亨特·摩根在世纪前开始他的开创性实验以来（表1），果蝇系统已经揭示了细胞功能的无数关键机制，包括维持染色质的因子和控制细胞命运决定和生物体发育的信号通路。最近，果蝇已经成为一系列遗传疾病的重要神经生物学工具和疾病模型。在这篇综述中，我们简要回顾了果蝇作为一个不可或缺的遗传系统，并讨论了许多贡献，过去和现在，这个简单的系统对人类遗传学。
Arguably, almost all research inDrosophilacan be considered basic research, yet many of the most essential and fundamental concepts of human genetics were first decoded in the fly. Although the fly genome, which is organized into only four chromosomes, is approximately one-twentieth the size of the human genome, it contains roughly the same number of genes, and up to 75% of human disease-related genes haveDrosophilahomologues [1]. The fly was prized for its simplicity and utility even before such compelling homology with humans was apparent. Since Thomas Hunt Morgan began his seminal experiments over a century ago (Table 1), theDrosophilasystem has revealed countless key mechanisms by which cells function, including the factors that maintain chromatin and the signaling pathways that control cell fate determination and organism development. More recently, the fly has emerged as a critical neurobiological tool and disease model for a range of genetic disorders. In this review, we present a brief retrospective ofDrosophilaas an indispensable genetic system and discuss some of the many contributions, past and present, of this facile system to human genetics.