Implantation and the Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy
Implantation and the Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy
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着床和母亲对怀孕的认可
DOI：
10.1002/9780470719688.ch2
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Short
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Short
母体生物体首先以多种方式意识到子宫中胚胎的存在。在大多数哺乳动物中，这一关键信息必须在妊娠早期传递给母亲，我们将首先从一般角度考虑信息的性质及其传播模式。然后，我们将能够研究物种与物种之间基本模式的差异。胚胎在子宫中感受到存在的第一个外在可见迹象是，周期的黄体转变为妊娠黄体，并且发情或月经周期停止重现。因此，让我们更详细地研究一下孕体的促黄体作用。在胚胎与子宫内膜实现解剖学结合之前，胚胎可以发起刺激吗？刺激本身本质上是机械性的，引起下丘脑的传入神经刺激，进而导致垂体前叶释放促黄体激素，还是孕体具有激素作用，产生自己的促黄体物质？在那些非怀孕子宫的子宫内膜似乎产生黄体溶解因子的物种中，胚胎如何发挥作用来中和这种作用？这些是我们必须试图找到答案的一些问题。此外，将我们所有的注意力都集中在黄体维持上，作为孕产妇怀孕的第一个预兆，可能是错误的。怀孕和未怀孕动物之间的根本差异可能在受精后不久就开始变得明显，并且在许多物种中，黄体的寿命和分泌活动不受怀孕的影响。毫无疑问，在这个最令人着迷的研究领域，还有很多事情超出了我们的理解范围。
THE maternal organism first becomes aware of the presence of an embryo in the uterus in diverse ways. In most mammals, this critical piece of information must be relayed to the mother at an early stage of gestation, and we will begin by considering in general terms both the nature of the message and the mode of its transmission. We shall then be in a position to investigate variations on the basic pattern, species by species.One of the first outward and visible signs that an embryo has made its presence felt in the uterus is when the corpus luteum of the cycle becomes transformed into a corpus luteum of pregnancy, and oestrous or menstrual cycles cease to recur. Let us therefore examine this luteotropic action of the conceptus in a little more detail. Can the stimulus be initiated by the embryo before it has achieved an anatomical union with the endometrium? Is the stimulus itself mechanical in nature, giving rise to afferent neural stimuli to the hypothalamus, which in turn bring about the release of luteotropic hormone (s) from the anterior pituitary, or does the conceptus have a hormonal action, elaborating its own luteotropic substances? In those species in which the endometrium of the non-pregnant uterus seems to produce a luteolytic factor, how does the embryo act to neutralize this effect? These are some of the questions to which we must attempt to find the answers. Furthermore, it may be a mistake to concentrate all our attention on luteal maintenance as the first maternal premonition of a pregnancy; fundamental differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant animal may begin to become apparent soon after fertilization, and in a number of species the lifespan and secretory activity of the corpus luteum is unaffected by pregnancy. Undoubtedly much still lies outside our comprehension in this most fascinating area of investigation.