Hydrogen via reforming aqueous ammonia and biomethane co-products of wastewater treatment: environmental and economic sustainability
Hydrogen via reforming aqueous ammonia and biomethane co-products of wastewater treatment: environmental and economic sustainability
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DOI：
10.1039/d0se01335h
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Twigg, Martyn V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grasham, Oliver;Dupont, Valerie;Twigg, Martyn V.
绿色H-2越来越被视为应对气候变化的关键能源载体。随着两种有吸引力的原料：生物甲烷和氨的供应日益增多，废水处理厂具有成为可再生氢-2发电中心的独特潜力。通过一个污水处理厂的案例研究，展示了一种从沼液中回收氨的创新方法，以及一种最先进的H-2生产工艺NWaste2H2。回收的氨与生物甲烷一起用于生产H-2，它从常规生物处理中转移出来还有另外两个关键好处，减少了相关的电力需求和一氧化二氮的排放，一氧化二氮是一种极具威力的温室气体。在实验室规模的填充床反应器中进行的大量实验支持的过程模拟表明，同时进行蒸汽甲烷重整和氨分解以产生产率接近平衡值的富氢合成气的能力是宝贵的。减少更换柴油巴士所产生的温室气体排放，以及减少生物处理所产生的N2O排放量，可为污水处理厂服务的每人每年节省高达17.2公斤二氧化碳当量(CO(2)e)。一项深入的经济研究表明，早在5.8年，当H-2准备并出售给动力燃料电池电动公交车时，就有能力以10%的折扣率实现正的净现值。
Green H-2 is increasingly viewed as a key energy carrier for the fight against climate change. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have the unique potential to be centres of renewable H-2 generation with the growing availability of two attractive feedstocks: biomethane and ammonia. An innovative and novel method of ammonia recovery from digestate liquor followed by a state-of-the-art H-2 production process named NWaste2H2 is demonstrated for a case-study WWTP. The recovered ammonia is used alongside biomethane for H-2 production and its diversion from conventional biological treatment has two other crucial benefits, with reductions in both associated electricity demand and emissions of nitrous oxide, an extremely potent greenhouse gas. Process modelling, supported by extensive experiments in a packed-bed reactor at bench-scale, demonstrate the prized capability of simultaneously performing steam methane reforming and ammonia decomposition to generate a H-2-rich syngas with yields close to equilibrium values. Greenhouse gas emission abatement from the replacement of diesel buses and reduced N2O emissions from biological treatment could save up to 17.2 kg CO2 equivalent (CO(2)e) per year for each person served by the WWTP. An in-depth economic study illustrates the ability to achieve a positive net present value with a 10% discount factor as early as 5.8 years when the H-2 is prepared and sold to power fuel cell electric buses.