The Eurasian mammoth distribution during the second half of the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene: Regional aspects
The Eurasian mammoth distribution during the second half of the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene: Regional aspects
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2016.05.019
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Andrey Yurievich Puzachenko;A. Markova;P. Kosintsev;T. Kolfschoten;J. Plicht;T. Kuznetsova;A. Tikhonov;D. Ponomarev;M. Kuitems;O. Bachura
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文献类型：
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作者：
Andrey Yurievich Puzachenko;A. Markova;P. Kosintsev;T. Kolfschoten;J. Plicht;T. Kuznetsova;A. Tikhonov;D. Ponomarev;M. Kuitems;O. Bachura
本文以地理信息（PALEOFAUNA数据库）为基础，结合~（14）C等古生物定年方法（1584个地点，4033个测年，其中直接测年1501个），首次研究了欧亚大陆猛犸分布的整体变化和局部变化。通过对猛犸分布区动态的区域特征和年代测定地点数量的分析，认为气候（环境）因素在这些过程中起主导作用。欧亚山脉的最大规模，最大数量的猛犸象遗骸从过时的地方，并可能，最大的人口总数的范围内建立了38.2-8.6 cal ky BP（Denekamp interstadial = Bryansk interstadial）。在西欧和中欧，在Huneborg stadial（40.8-38.2 cal ky BP）期间观察到人口增加。在西伯利亚东部，最大的人口增长发生在末次冰期（28.6-22.5 cal ky BP），在西伯利亚西部-在冰川消退（22.5-14.7 cal ky BP）。分布区外围（日本群岛、不列颠群岛、北方欧洲、西伯利亚南部和北方中国，以及东南欧，但范围较小）的种群动态与其主要部分的动态不同。山脉的最南端-西伯利亚南部和东南欧经历了类似的变化。伊比利亚半岛的人口动态与西欧和中欧的变化非常相似。我们认为，一些外围种群可以周期性地从分布区的主要部分种群中分离出来。直接校准的放射性碳年代固定的时间间隔内，从21（伊比利亚半岛）到4（西伯利亚东北部）数千年BP的范围内的不同部分，这个物种的灭绝上限。本文讨论了欧亚大陆猛犸分布和种群动态的原因，包括与晚更新世某些猛犸遗传系灭绝有关的假说。
Based on geographic information (database PALEOFAUNA), in combination with14C and other methods of paleo dating (1584 localities, 4033 dates, including 1501 direct dates), we first examined details of changes of mammoth distribution in Eurasia on the whole and in single parts of the range over the last 50ky. The analysis of regional features in the dynamics of mammoth range and the quantity of dated localities acknowledged a leading role of the climatic (environmental) factor in these processes. The maximum size of the Eurasian range, the largest number of remains of mammoths from dated localities and, probably, the maximum total number of population were established for the range of 38.2–8.6 cal ky BP (Denekamp interstadial = Bryansk interstadial). In Western and Central Europe, the increase of population was observed during Huneborg stadial (40.8–38.2 cal ky BP). In eastern Siberia, the maximum population growth occurred in the Last Glacial Maximum (28.6–22.5 cal ky BP), and in Western Siberia – during Deglaciation (22.5–14.7 cal ky BP). The population dynamics at the periphery of the range (Islands of Japan, British Isles, Northern Europe, Southern Siberia and Northern China, and, but to lesser extent, South-Eastern Europe) differs from the dynamics of its main part. The southernmost parts of the range – Southern Siberia and southeastern Europe experienced similar changes. Population dynamics in the Iberian Peninsula was much alike the changes in Western and Central Europe. We suggested that some peripheral populations could periodically be isolated from the populations of the main part of the range. Direct calibrated radiocarbon dates fixed upper boundary of extinction of this species in different parts of range within time interval from 21 (the Iberian Peninsula) to 4 (northeastern Siberia) thousands years BP. The hypotheses about the causes of the dynamics of the area and population of the mammoth in Eurasia, including those related to the extinction of certain genetic lines of a mammoth in the Late Pleistocene, are being discussed.