Carbon‐Halogen Bond Activation with Powerful Heavy Alkaline Earth Metal Hydrides

Carbon‐Halogen Bond Activation with Powerful Heavy Alkaline Earth Metal Hydrides
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用强大的重碱土金属氢化物活化碳卤键

DOI:
10.1002/ejic.202100529
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
S. Harder
S. Harder
中科院分区:
化学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
M. Wiesinger;B. Rösch;C. Knüpfer;J. Mai;J. Langer;S. Harder

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[(DIPePBDI)SrH] 2与C6 H5 X(X=Cl、Br、I)的反应导致氢化物-卤化物交换(DIPePBDI=HC[(Me)CN-2,6-(3-戊基)苯基]2)。转化率随着卤素尺寸的增加而增加(F<Cl<Br<I)。[(DIPePBDI)SrH] 2与C6 H5 F的反应是缓慢且不明确的,但加入C6 H4 F2得到了平滑的氢-氟交换。在添加THF之后,全范围的Sr卤化物在结构上表征为:[(DIPePBDI)SrX·THF]2(X=F,Cl,Br,I)。AeN“2和PhSiH 3的混合物原位形成了不太确定但更稳定的Ae金属氢化物簇(AexN“yHz,Ae=Ca,Sr,Ba和N”=N(SiMe 3)2),其能够使C6 H5 F加氢脱氟。 转化率随着金属尺寸的增加而增加(Ca<Sr<Ba)。也可以转化烷基氟化物(1-F-己烷、F-环己烷、1-F-金刚烷),但是由于Ba物质的溶解度问题,发现Sr的转化最快。这些AeN-2/PhSiH 3混合物也在室温下转化SF6,得到不确定的分解产物。将Me 6 Tren添加到SrN-2/PhSiH 3中导致[Sr 6 N-2 H9-(Me 6 Tren)3+][SrN-3-]的结晶; Me 6 Tren =三[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]胺)。加氢脱氮后,形成Sr 6 N-4F 8-(Me 6 Tren)2并对其结构进行表征。在THF中溶解导致团簇生长,并对较大的团簇Sr_(16)N_(18)F_(24)O_(12)进行了结构表征。DFT计算支持卤代苯的加氢脱卤遵循协同亲核芳香取代机理(cSNAr)。
Reaction of [(DIPePBDI)SrH]2with C6H5X (X=Cl, Br, I) led to hydride‐halogenide exchange (DIPePBDI=HC[(Me)CN‐2,6‐(3‐pentyl)phenyl]2). Conversion rates increase with increasing halogen size (F<Cl<Br<I). Reaction of [(DIPePBDI)SrH]2with C6H5F was slow and ill‐defined but addition of C6H4F2gave smooth hydride‐fluoride exchange. After addition of THF the full range of Sr halogenides was structurally characterized: [(DIPePBDI)SrX ⋅ THF]2(X=F, Cl, Br, I). Mixtures of AeN“2and PhSiH3in situformed less defined but more robust Ae metal hydride clusters (AexN”yHz, Ae=Ca, Sr, Ba and N“=N(SiMe3)2) which are able to hydrodefluorinate C6H5F. Conversion rates increase with increasing metal size (Ca<Sr<Ba). Also alkylfluorides (1‐F‐hexane, F‐cyclohexane, 1‐F‐adamantane) could be converted but, due to solubility problems of the Ba species, the fastest conversion was found for Sr. These AeN”2/PhSiH3mixtures also converted SF6at room temperature to give undefined decomposition products. Addition of Me6Tren to a SrN“2/PhSiH3led to crystallization of [Sr6N”2H9⋅ (Me6Tren)3+][SrN“3−]; Me6Tren=tris[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine). After hydrodefluorination, Sr6N”4F8⋅ (Me6Tren)2was formed and structurally characterized. Dissolution in THF led to cluster growth and the larger cluster Sr16N“8F24⋅ (THF)12is structurally characterized. DFT calculations support that hydrodehalogenation of halobenzenes follows a concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism (cSNAr).
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