Contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons and lead in Steller’s Sea Eagle and White-tailed Sea Eagle from Hokkaido, Japan
Contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons and lead in Steller’s Sea Eagle and White-tailed Sea Eagle from Hokkaido, Japan
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日本北海道的虎头海雕和白尾海雕受到氯化碳氢化合物和铅的污染
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fujita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hisato;Iwata;Mafumi;Watanabe;Eun;Kim;Rie;Gotoh;Genta;Yasunaga;Shinsuke;Tanabe;Yasushi;Masuda;Shoichi;Fujita
猛禽长期接触人造化学品，特别是氯化碳氢化合物，与生殖障碍和数量下降有关。此外，据报道，猛禽因摄入用过的枪弹而导致亚致命和致命铅中毒的事件也有发生。然而，关于斯特勒海雕（SSE：Haliaeetus pelagicus）和白尾海雕（WSE：H。albicilla）来自日本北海道。本研究的目的是确定在北海道越冬的海雕体内的多氯联苯（PCBs）、有机氯农药和铅等有毒污染物的水平，并根据其浓度评估生态毒理学风险。分析了1986~1998年在北海道发现的死亡或衰弱并随后死亡的SSE和WSE。所有的鹰都含有可检测到的多氯联苯、滴滴涕、六氯环己烷异构体、与三氯甲烷有关的化合物和六氯苯。胸肌中多氯联苯和滴滴涕的最高浓度分别为18，000和17，000纳克/克（湿重）。此外，还检测到非邻位和单邻位取代的共面多氯联苯同系物，根据WHO毒性当量系数，胸肌中的2，3，7，8-四氯二苯并二恶英毒性当量为60 - 540 pg/g。我们之前对远东地区污染物的调查显示，哈巴罗夫斯克和马加丹的大气中多氯联苯和滴滴涕浓度远高于北海道和北太平洋，这表明西伯利亚东部的一些城市可能是鹰类中发现的污染源。多氯联苯和滴滴涕的残留水平的乳房肌肉的SSE的猛禽收集后，20世纪80年代从北美。基于共面PCB同系物和p，p'-DDE在这些鹰体内的残留水平进行的风险评估表明，它们具有诱导肝脏细胞色素P450 1A和蛋壳变薄的潜力。在一些小规模生态系统和大规模生态系统的肝脏中检测到超过10 000纳克/克（干重）的高铅浓度。6例死亡或濒死的SSE中有3例（50%）和3例WSE中有3例（100%）因铅中毒而死亡。六只铅中毒的鹰中有五只的砂囊里有铅子弹碎片。在 * 的肠内发现了沿着的鹿毛和铅碎片。现住址：日本松山垂见3 - 5 - 7爱媛大学海洋环境研究中心。电子邮件：www.example.com a在北海道，被猎人射杀的鹿的整个或部分尸体被留在田野里。这些都是潜在的铅碎片来源，在狩猎季节期间和之后被食腐猛禽摄入。因此，嵌入鹿组织中的铅碎片引起的二次中毒被认为是死亡的主要原因。汞和镉在这些物种的组织中的浓度很低，这意味着这些元素的毒性可以忽略不计。
Chronic exposure to man-made chemicals, particularly chlorinated hydrocarbons, in raptors has been associated with reproductive impairment and population declines. In addition, incidents of sub-lethal and lethal lead poisoning in raptors through ingestion of spent gunshot have been reported. However, little information is available on the contaminant levels of Steller’s Sea Eagle (SSE: Haliaeetus pelagicus ) and White-tailed Sea Eagle (WSE: H. albicilla) from Hokkaido, Japan. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of toxic contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and lead in sea eagles wintering in Hokkaido, and to evaluate the ecotoxicological risk based on their concentrations. SSEs and WSEs which were found dead or debilitated and subsequently died in Hokkaido from 1986 to 1998 were analysed. All eagles contained detectable amounts of PCBs, DDTs, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, chlordane related compounds, and hexachlorobenzene. The highest concentrations of PCBs and DDTs in breast muscles were 18,000 and 17,000 ng/g (wet weight), respectively. Furthermore, nonortho and monoortho substituted coplanar PCB congeners were also detected, leading to 60-540 pg/g of 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzop dioxin toxic equivalents derived from WHO toxic equivalence factors in the breast muscles. Our previous survey of contaminants in the Far East showed that atmospheric concentrations of PCBs and DDTs in Khabarovsk and Magadan were much higher than those in Hokkaido and North Pacific, suggesting the potential that some east Siberian cities might be a source of contamination found in eagles. Residue levels of PCBs and DDTs in breast muscles of SSEs were comparable to those of raptors collected after the 1980s from North America. Risk assessments based on the residue levels of coplanar PCB congeners and p,p’-DDE detected in these eagles indicated their potential of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A induction and eggshell thinning. High lead concentrations of over 10,000 ng/g (dry weight) were detected in the livers of some SSEs and WSEs. Three of six dead or moribund SSEs (50%) and three of three WSEs (100%) with livers analyzed for lead died from lead poisoning. Five of the six lead poisoned eagles had lead bullet fragments in their gizzards. The hair of deer was found along with a lead fragment in the intestine of * Present address: Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan. e-mail: iwatahisa@aol.com a SSE. In Hokkaido, whole and partial carcasses of deer shot by hunters are left in the field. These are potential sources of lead fragments that are ingested by scavenging raptors during and after the hunting season. Therefore, secondary poisoning by the lead fragment embedded in the tissue of deer is implicated as the main cause of death. Mercury and cadmium concentrations in the tissue of these species were low, implying that the toxicities of these elements were negligible.
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
Chihiro Ishii;Shouta M.M. Nakayama;Yoshinori Ikenaka;Hazuki Mizukawa;Yared B. Yohannes;Hokuto Nakata;Keisuke Saito;Yukiko Watanabe;Shinsuke Tanabe;Kei Nomiyama;Terutake Hayashi;Yasushi Masuda;Kentaro Q. Sakamoto;Mayumi Ishizuka
通讯作者：
Mayumi Ishizuka