Synthetic Glycans and Glycomimetics: A Promising Alternative to Natural Polysaccharides.
Synthetic Glycans and Glycomimetics: A Promising Alternative to Natural Polysaccharides.
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DOI：
10.1002/chem.201705469
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发表时间：
2018-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gaolan Zhang;X. Ye
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gaolan Zhang;X. Ye
为了对抗各种病原体感染，已经开发了大量的多糖类结合疫苗。另一种著名的多糖，肝素，被世界卫生组织(WHO)列为治疗血栓的基本药物。它们的一个共同问题是，它们都是从天然多糖中提取的。具体地说，胶囊多糖主要从细菌发酵中获得，普通肝素是从动物组织中提取的，如猪粘膜。天然多糖的质量参差不齐，微量的污染会造成灾难。相比之下，使用化学或化学酶方法可以提供结构均一和质量可控的多糖。到目前为止，已有大量的多糖片段及其类似物被合成和鉴定。其中一些甚至表现出与其相应的天然多糖类似的活性。在这里，从碳水化合物疫苗、肝素相关的治疗药物和多糖的糖模拟物等方面综述了这些合成糖链类似物的最新进展。
A large quantity of polysaccharide-derived conjugate vaccines have been developed to combat various pathogenic infections. Another prominent polysaccharide, heparin, is listed as an essential drug by the World Health Organization (WHO) to treat thrombus. One of their common problems is that they all derive from natural polysaccharides. Specifically, capsular polysaccharides are mainly obtained from bacterial fermentation and unfractionated heparin is extracted from animal tissues such as porcine mucosa. The quality of natural polysaccharides is inconsistent and traces of contamination would cause a disaster. By contrast, the use of chemical or chemoenzymatic methods could provide structurally homogeneous and quality-controlled glycans. To date, large numbers of polysaccharide fragments and their analogues have been synthesized and evaluated. Some of them even showed comparable activities to their corresponding natural polysaccharides. Here, the latest advances in these synthetic glycan analogues ranging from carbohydrate-based vaccines, heparin-related therapeutics and glycomimetics of polysaccharides are summarized.