Constructed wetlands for polishing oil and gas produced water releases
Constructed wetlands for polishing oil and gas produced water releases
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用于净化石油和天然气产出水排放的人工湿地
DOI：
10.1039/d1em00311a
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Borch, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McLaughlin, Molly C.;McDevitt, Bonnie;Miller, Hannah;Amundson, Kaela K.;Wilkins, Michael J.;Warner, Nathaniel R.;Blotevogel, Jens;Borch, Thomas
产出水(PW)是与石油和天然气(O&G)作业有关的最大废流，含有石油碳氢化合物、重金属、盐、自然产生的放射性物质和任何剩余的化学添加剂。在怀俄明州的一些地区，人工湿地(CWS)被用来抛光国家污染物排放消除系统(NPDES)PW排放点下游的PW。近年来，人们对寻找成本更低的选择越来越感兴趣，例如用于PW治疗的CWS。这项研究的目的是了解O&G有机化学品添加剂在CW系统中的去除效果和环境命运，这些添加剂用于处理为农业有益再利用而释放的PW。为了实现这一目标，我们分析了水和沉积物样品中的有机O&G化学添加剂，并对美国怀俄明州的三个这样的系统进行了16S rRNA基因测序，以确定微生物群落的特征。三种表面活性剂(聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)和一种杀菌剂(烷基二甲基氯化铵)在所有三种PW排放物中都被检测到，串联两种水煤浆处理后，PW中所有物种的脱除率达到94%。在PW排放口下游采集的所有沉积物样本中都检测到了这些O&G提取添加剂。化学和微生物分析表明，吸附和生物降解是这些物种的主要衰减机制。此外，所有这三种排放物都显示出一种日益多样化但相似的微生物群落，与NPDES PW排放点的距离更远。研究结果可为污水处理人工湿地的设计和管理提供参考。
Produced water (PW) is the largest waste stream associated with oil and gas (O&G) operations and contains petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, salts, naturally occurring radioactive materials and any remaining chemical additives. In some areas in Wyoming, constructed wetlands (CWs) are used to polish PW downstream of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) PW release points. In recent years, there has been increased interest in finding lower cost options, such as CWs, for PW treatment. The goal of this study was to understand the efficacy of removal and environmental fate of O&G organic chemical additives in CW systems used to treat PW released for agricultural beneficial reuse. To achieve this goal, we analyzed water and sediment samples for organic O&G chemical additives and conducted 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbial community characterization on three such systems in Wyoming, USA. Three surfactants (polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, and nonylphenol ethoxylates) and one biocide (alkyldimethylammonium chloride) were detected in all three PW discharges and >94% removal of all species from PW was achieved after treatment in two CWs in series. These O&G extraction additives were detected in all sediment samples collected downstream of PW discharges. Chemical and microbial analyses indicated that sorption and biodegradation were the main attenuation mechanisms for these species. Additionally, all three discharges showed a trend of increasingly diverse, but similar, microbial communities with greater distance from NPDES PW discharge points. Results of this study can be used to inform design and management of constructed wetlands for produced water treatment.