Distinctive Mechanisms of Adversity and Socioeconomic Inequality in Child Development: A Review and Recommendations for Evidence-Based Policy.
Distinctive Mechanisms of Adversity and Socioeconomic Inequality in Child Development: A Review and Recommendations for Evidence-Based Policy.
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DOI：
10.1177/2372732217721933
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Lynn, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amso, Dima;Lynn, Andrew
本次审查提出了单独的和不同的生物机制的影响，逆境，更常见的贫困，社会经济地位（SES）对儿童的发展。逆境通过生物应激反应影响大脑和认知发展，从而带来病理风险。重要的是，我们认为，不同的机制，丰富，形状在整个SES频谱的大脑和认知发展的差异。区分逆境和社会经济地位有助于提出精确的、基于证据的政策建议。我们提供的建议旨在确保儿童经历的公平性，以帮助缩小成就差距，促进代际流动。
This review proposes separate and distinct biological mechanisms for the effects of adversity, more commonly experienced in poverty, and socioeconomic status (SES) on child development. Adversity affects brain and cognitive development through the biological stress response, which confers risk for pathology. Critically, we argue that a different mechanism, enrichment, shapes differences in brain and cognitive development across the SES spectrum. Distinguishing between adversity and SES allows for precise, evidence-based policy recommendations. We offer recommendations designed to ensure equity in children's experiences to help narrow the achievement gap and promote intergenerational mobility.