Integrating Social-Contextual and Intrapersonal Mechanisms of "Maturing Out": Joint Influences of Familial-Role Transitions and Personality Maturation on Problem-Drinking Reductions
Integrating Social-Contextual and Intrapersonal Mechanisms of "Maturing Out": Joint Influences of Familial-Role Transitions and Personality Maturation on Problem-Drinking Reductions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/acer.12816
复制
发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Sher, Kenneth J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Matthew R.;Ellingson, Jarrod M.;Sher, Kenneth J.
背景从问题饮酒中成熟与角色转换(如结婚)和个性发展有关。然而，关于这两种机制是如何共同影响问题饮酒停止的，我们知之甚少。本研究探讨角色转换和人格在青壮年发展的不同阶段是否会产生有益的影响，以及角色转换和个性是否会在彼此的影响中起到中介作用。使用大约21、25、29和34岁的4波数据，交叉滞后的面板模型估计了家庭角色转换(婚姻或为人父母)、个性(去抑制、尽责和神经质)和问题饮酒之间的预期关系。结果发现，对于角色与较早摆脱问题饮酒的成熟更密切相关以及个性与较晚成熟更密切相关的预测，人们的支持褒贬不一。关于中介作用，没有证据表明角色效应将由个性来调节。然而，研究结果确实支持角色转换对人格影响的中介作用。具体地说，成年初期较低的去抑制力和较高的责任心预示着角色接受，而这反过来又预示着以后问题饮酒的减少。酗酒家族史也对这些中介过程产生了影响。结论角色和人格效应的不同时间点与在整个发展过程中减少背景影响和增加个人内部影响的概念是一致的。根据角色不相容理论，结果表明，在发展过程中，家庭角色与问题饮酒的关联可能越来越多地反映问题饮酒对角色进入(即角色选择)的影响，而越来越少地反映角色进入对问题饮酒(即角色社会化)的影响。由于新出现的成人去抑制和尽职尽责与直接和间接影响的明显发展级联相关，研究结果强调了它们作为病因机制和干预目标的潜在重要性。
BackgroundMaturing out of problem drinking is associated with both role transitions (e.g., getting married) and personality development. However, little is known concerning how these 2 mechanisms jointly influence problem-drinking desistance. This study investigated whether salutary effects of role transitions and personality occur at different points in young-adult development and whether they mediate one another's effects.MethodsParticipants were initially recruited as first-year undergraduates, with family history of alcoholism overrepresented by design (N=489). Using 4 waves of data at roughly ages 21, 25, 29, and 34, cross-lagged panel models estimated prospective relations among familial-role transitions (marriage or parenthood), personality (disinhibition, conscientiousness, and neuroticism), and problem drinking.ResultsMixed support was found for the prediction of roles being more strongly associated with earlier maturing out of problem drinking and personality being more strongly associated with later maturing out. Regarding mediation, no evidence was found for the expectation that role effects would be mediated by personality. However, results did support mediation of personality effects by role transitions. Specifically, lower disinhibition and higher conscientiousness in emerging adulthood predicted role adoption, which, in turn, predicted later problem-drinking reductions. Family history of alcoholism also distally influenced these mediation processes.ConclusionsThe differential timing of role and personality effects is consistent with the notion ofdecreasing contextual influences and increasing intrapersonal influences across development. In light of role incompatibility theory, results suggest that, over the course of development, the association of familial roles with problem drinking may increasingly reflect problem-drinking effects on role entry (i.e., role selection) and decreasingly reflect role entry effects on problem drinking (i.e., role socialization). As emerging-adult disinhibition and conscientiousness were associated with an apparent developmental cascade of both direct and indirect effects, findings highlight their potential importance as etiologic mechanisms and intervention targets.