Tragedy of the Coulombs: Federating Energy Storage for Tiny, Intermittently-Powered Sensors
Tragedy of the Coulombs: Federating Energy Storage for Tiny, Intermittently-Powered Sensors
复制标题
DOI：
10.1145/2809695.2809707
复制
发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Josiah D. Hester;Lanny Sitanayah;Jacob M. Sorber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Josiah D. Hester;Lanny Sitanayah;Jacob M. Sorber
几十年来，无缆感测设备从单个共享能量存储（电池或电容器）为所有系统组件（处理器、传感器、致动器等）供电。在设计由收集的能量供电的无电池传感器时，这种传统方法会导致设备充电缓慢，并且更容易出错，不灵活和效率低下。本文提出了一种新的联合储能方法，称为UFoP，该方法将收集的能量自动划分并优先分配到多个隔离的较小能量存储器（电容器）中。UFoP简化了任务调度，能够有效使用具有不同电压要求的组件，并生产出在相同采集条件下比传统集中式方法更快充电的设备。我们已经实施了UFoP参考设计，并进行了广泛的实验评估，包括短期部署。我们的实验结果使用基于MSP 430的原型表明，UFoP提供了多达10%以上的计算可用性，多达四倍以上的无线电可用性比集中式的方法。对于所有评估的应用和能源环境，UFoP比集中式能源多收获0.7-10.2%的能源;这意味着UFoP增加了零能源开销。
Untethered sensing devices have, for decades, powered all system components (processors, sensors, actuators, etc) from a single shared energy store (battery or capacitor). When designing batteryless sensors that are powered by harvested energy, this traditional approach results in devices that charge slowly and that are more error prone, inflexible, and inefficient than they could be. This paper presents a novel federated approach to energy storage, called UFoP, that partitions and prioritizes harvested energy automatically into multiple isolated smaller energy stores (capacitors). UFoP simplifies task scheduling, enables efficient use of components with differing voltage requirements, and produces devices that charge more quickly under identical harvesting conditions than a traditional centralized approach. We have implemented a UFoP reference design and conducted extensive experimental evaluation, including a short deployment. Our experimental results using an MSP430-based prototype show that UFoP provides as much as 10% more computational availability, and as much as four times more radio availability than the centralized approach. For all applications and energy environments evaluated, UFoP harvested 0.7-10.2% more energy than the centralized equivalent; meaning UFoP adds zero energy overhead.