A Summary of the Scientific Literature on the Effects of Fire on the Concentration of Nutrients in Surface Waters
A Summary of the Scientific Literature on the Effects of Fire on the Concentration of Nutrients in Surface Waters
复制标题
关于火灾对地表水中营养物浓度影响的科学文献综述
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Ranalli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Ranalli
摘要：本文提供了一个详细的审查火灾期间发生在土壤中的化学变化，营养物质从土壤转移到地表水体火灾后的途径，以及火灾的时间和空间的影响，在地表水体中的营养物质的浓度和火灾后，已在科学文献中报道。39篇来自科学文献的论文，代表了（1）在各种环境中进行的研究（热带稀树草原、草地、温带森林、高山森林等）;（2）有一系列的采样频率和持续时间，例如在火灾期间和紧接在火灾之后（从火灾开始到1年后），短期取样（从火灾结束到3年后）和长期取样（采样超过3年后的火灾）;（3）纳入流域与各种烧伤强度，严重程度和历史进行了审查和总结。对科学文献的审查表明，如果火灾严重到足以燃烧大量有机物，如果火灾期间有风，如果火灾后下大雨，如果火灾发生在坡度陡峭的分水岭和阳离子交换能力很小的土壤中，则最有可能发生火灾对溪流水质的可测量影响。如果除了为溪流列出的因素之外，湖泊或水库是贫营养或中营养的，并且水在湖泊或水库中的停留时间相对于径流中营养物浓度升高的时间长度较短，则最有可能发生火灾对湖泊和水库水质的可测量影响。了解湖泊或水库是否是氮或磷限制是很重要的，因为氮限制湖泊的富营养化可能会发生火灾后，由于增加氮：磷比。
Abstract : This paper provides a detailed review of the chemical changes that occur in soil during a fire, the pathways by which nutrients are transferred from soil to surface-water bodies following a fire, and the temporal and spatial effects of fires on the concentration of nutrients in surface-water bodies during and following a fire that have been reported in the scientific literature. Thirty-nine papers from the scientific literature that represent studies that (1) were done in a variety of environments (savannas, grasslands, temperate forests, alpine forests, and so forth); (2) had a range of sampling frequency and duration, such as during and immediately following a fire (from the start of fire to 1 year later), short-term sampling (from end of fire to 3 years later), and long term-sampling (sampling for greater than 3 years following a fire); and (3) incorporated watersheds with various burn intensities, severities, and histories were reviewed and summarized. The review of the scientific literature has revealed that measurable effects of fires on streamwater quality are most likely to occur if the fire was severe enough to burn large amounts of organic matter, if windy conditions were present during the fire, if heavy rain occurred following the fire, and if the fire occurred in a watershed with steep slopes and soils with little cation-exchange capacity. Measurable effects of fires on lake- and reservoir water quality are most likely to occur if, in addition to the factors listed for streams, the lake or reservoir is oligotrophic or mesotrophic and the residence time of water in the lake or reservoir is short relative to the length of time elevated concentrations of nutrients occur in runoff. Knowledge of whether a lake or reservoir is nitrogen or phosphorus limited is important because eutrophication of nitrogen-limited lakes may occur following a fire due to increasing nitrogen:phosphorus ratios.