Effects of anesthesia on the response to sleep deprivation.
Effects of anesthesia on the response to sleep deprivation.
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麻醉对睡眠剥夺反应的影响。
DOI：
10.1093/sleep/33.12.1659
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Cirelli,Chiara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nelson,AaronB;Faraguna,Ugo;Tononi,Giulio;Cirelli,Chiara
NREM睡眠期间的慢波活动（SWA）是睡眠稳态的最佳特征标记，并且睡眠慢波的发生对于减少睡眠需求是必要的。最近的证据表明，睡眠慢波可能介导睡眠对表现的几种有益影响，从预防认知障碍到巩固记忆。然而，慢波也被低剂量的许多麻醉剂触发，但很少有报告研究麻醉介导的慢波是否影响睡眠的稳态调节。此外，还没有研究检查睡眠如何受到更高剂量的麻醉剂的影响，这导致主要的“等电”EEG描记而没有慢波。设计我们在大鼠中研究了1小时的异氟烷或地氟烷剂量是否能够诱导几乎连续的慢波（ISO-sw，DES-sw），和一个剂量的地氟烷，导致主要是等电脑电图（DES-iso）减少睡眠压力所造成的4小时的睡眠剥夺。将麻醉与其中大鼠仅麻醉2-3分钟的模拟条件进行比较。设置基本睡眠研究实验室。患者或患者雄性WKY大鼠（n = 31）。干预从光开始通过暴露于新物体而完全剥夺睡眠，然后麻醉或模拟麻醉1小时。测量和结果麻醉1小时（SW或ISO）不影响睡眠持续时间或整体睡眠模式。ISO-sw或DES-sw麻醉（均与几乎连续的慢波发生相关）减少了睡眠剥夺4小时后预期的SWA反弹。DES-iso麻醉1小时，伴随等电EEG和少量慢波，也减少了睡眠剥夺后SWA的反弹，其程度与DES-sw后观察到的相似。然而，与DES-sw相比，DES-iso后SWA长期低于基线，导致慢波能量减少结论ISO-sw和DES-sw后SWA反弹减弱，提示麻醉慢波可替代睡眠慢波。DES-iso后SWA反弹减少可能反映了导致SWA慢性减少的病理状况，或者可能表明麻醉慢波并不是释放睡眠压力的绝对要求。
Study ObjectiveSlow wave activity (SWA) during NREM sleep is the best characterized marker of sleep homeostasis, and the occurrence of sleep slow waves is necessary to reduce sleep need. Recent evidence suggests that sleep slow waves may mediate several beneficial effects of sleep on performance, from the prevention of cognitive impairments to memory consolidation. However, slow waves are also triggered by low doses of many anesthetics, but very few reports have examined whether anesthesia-mediated slow waves affect the homeostatic regulation of sleep. Moreover, no study has examined how sleep is affected by higher doses of anesthetics, which lead to a predominantly “isoelectric” EEG tracing without slow waves.DesignWe studied in rats whether 1 hour of a dose of isoflurane or desflurane able to induce almost continuous slow waves (ISO-sw, DES-sw), and of a dose of desflurane resulting in a predominantly isoelectric EEG (DES-iso) reduces the sleep pressure caused by 4 h of sleep deprivation. Anesthesia was compared to a mock condition in which rats were only anesthetized for 2–3 min.SettingBasic sleep research laboratory.Patients or ParticipantsMale WKY rats (n = 31).InterventionsTotal sleep deprivation by exposure to novel objects starting at light onset, followed by one hour of anesthesia or mock anesthesia.Measurements and ResultsOne hour of anesthesia (sw or iso) did not affect either sleep duration or the overall sleep pattern. Anesthesia with ISO-sw or DES-sw, both associated with the occurrence of almost continuous slow waves, reduced the SWA rebound expected following 4 h of sleep deprivation. One hour of anesthesia with DES-iso, associated with isoelectric EEG and few slow waves, also reduced the SWA rebound after sleep deprivation, and did so to an extent similar to that observed after DES-sw. However, in contrast to DES-sw, SWA after DES-iso remained chronically lower than in baseline, resulting in reduced slow wave energy (SWE, SWA × time) for at least 2 days.ConclusionThe blunted SWA rebound after ISO-sw and DES-sw suggests that anesthesia slow waves may substitute for sleep slow waves. The reduced SWA rebound after DES-iso may reflect a pathological condition that results in a chronic decrease in SWA, or may suggest that anesthesia slow waves are not an absolute requirement to discharge sleep pressure.