Grazing Collisions of Black Holes via the Excision of Singularities

Grazing Collisions of Black Holes via the Excision of Singularities
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通过奇点切除的黑洞掠碰撞

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发表时间：
2000
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通讯作者：
J. Winicour
J. Winicour
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作者：
Steve Brandt;Randall Correll;R. Gómez;Mijan Huq;Pablo Laguna;Luis Lehner;P. Marronetti;R. Matzner;D. Neilsen;Jorge A. Pullin;E. Schnetter;Deirdre Shoemaker;J. Winicour

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我们首次模拟了非头部(掠过)碰撞的二元黑洞，其中的黑洞奇点已从计算域中去掉。最初，两个质量相等的黑洞$m$相隔一段距离，距离约为10m$，碰撞参数约为2m$。初始数据是基于单个黑洞在克尔-斯柴尔德坐标下的叠加、增强(速度约为0.5c)解。同时考虑了旋转黑洞和非旋转黑洞。包含奇点的切除区域通过遵循视层的动态来指定。获得了高达$t约3500万美元的演化，其中$t约380万美元存在两个最初分离的视层。当时形成了一个包络视界的单一视界，表明两个洞已经合并。视界面积估计表明，引力辐射约占总质量的2.6%。由于不稳定，进化在适度的时间后结束。
We present the first simulations of non-headon (grazing) collisions of binary black holes in which the black hole singularities have been excised from the computational domain. Initially two equal mass black holes $m$ are separated a distance $approx10m$ and with impact parameter $approx2m$. Initial data are based on superposed, boosted (velocity $approx0.5c$) solutions of single black holes in Kerr-Schild coordinates. Both rotating and non-rotating black holes are considered. The excised regions containing the singularities are specified by following the dynamics of apparent horizons. Evolutions of up to $t approx 35m$ are obtained in which two initially separate apparent horizons are present for $tapprox3.8m$. At that time a single enveloping apparent horizon forms, indicating that the holes have merged. Apparent horizon area estimates suggest gravitational radiation of about 2.6% of the total mass. The evolutions end after a moderate amount of time because of instabilities.