Emerging Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System Part 1
Emerging Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System Part 1
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DOI：
10.1001/archneurol.2009.153
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发表时间：
2009-08-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tyler, Kenneth L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tyler, Kenneth L.
在这2部分审查，我将集中在中枢神经系统（CNS）的新兴病毒感染。第1部分将介绍新发感染的基本特征，包括其定义、流行病学和CNS受累的频率。出现的重要机制将进行审查，包括病毒传播到新的主机范围，例如西尼罗河病毒（WNV），日本脑炎（乙脑）病毒，托斯卡纳病毒，肠道病毒71（EV 71）。新出现的感染也是由于病毒进入已知小生境的机会性传播，通常是由于宿主对感染的抵抗力减弱。这一过程的例子是由西尼罗河病毒、狂犬病病毒、淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎和淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎样病毒引起的移植相关的病毒性CNS感染病例，以及人类疱疹病毒6型（HHV 6）相关的移植后急性边缘系统脑炎综合征。本综述的第二部分首先讨论JC病毒和与新型免疫调节治疗相关的进行性多灶性白质脑病的发生，然后继续概述进口动物引起的感染风险（如猴痘病毒）以及病毒对病媒的能力增强和病媒的传播所引起的新出现的疾病的例子（例如，基孔肯雅病毒），然后以引起CNS感染的新型病毒的实例作为结论，如尼帕病毒和亨德拉病毒以及蝙蝠狂犬病毒。神经弓2009;66（8）：939-948
In this 2-part review, I will focus on emerging virus infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Part 1 will introduce the basic features of emerging infections, including their definition, epidemiology, and the frequency of CNS involvement. Important mechanisms of emergence will be reviewed, including viruses spreading into new host ranges as exemplified by West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, Toscana virus, and enterovirus 71 (EV71). Emerging infections also result from opportunistic spread of viruses into known niches, often resulting from attenuated host resistance to infection. This process is exemplified by transplant-associated cases of viral CNS infection caused by WNV, rabies virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis-like viruses and by the syndrome of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6)-associated posttransplantation acute limbic encephalitis. The second part of this review begins with a discussion of JC virus and the occurrence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in association with novel immunomodulatory therapies and then continues with an overview of the risk of infection introduced by imported animals (eg, monkeypox virus) and examples of emerging diseases caused by enhanced competence of viruses for vectors and the spread of vectors (eg, chikungunya virus) and then concludes with examples of novel viruses causing CNS infection as exemplified by Nipah and Hendra viruses and bat lyssaviruses. Arch Neurol. 2009;66(8):939-948