Galerina Earle:: A polyphyletic genus in the consortium of dark-spored agarics
Galerina Earle:: A polyphyletic genus in the consortium of dark-spored agarics
复制标题
DOI：
10.3852/mycologia.97.4.823
复制
发表时间：
2005-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Kauserud, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gulden, G;Stensrud, O;Kauserud, H
担子菌属Galerina Earle在世界范围内容纳了300多种小的棕色孢子木耳菌，主要来自北半球。迄今为止，种和次属单位的划分一直是基于形态特征，在某种程度上也基于生态特征。在这项研究中，我们分析了核糖体LSU和ITS序列，以揭示非遗传系统发育和。Galerina在暗孢子木耳中的系统发育位置。对36个北半球Galerina种和19个其他暗孢子分类群的序列进行了分析，部分序列来自EMBL/GenBank。我们从巴伐利亚法和距离法得到的结果强烈表明，Galerina是一个多系属。LSU分析表明，Galerina是由三个或四个独立的单系主类群组成的。此外，少数种与其他黑孢子木耳聚在一起。在ITS树中识别出相同的组，它们大致对应于先前在Galerina中识别的亚属或部分。在高支持下，我们的LSU分析表明Gymnopilus是一个单系属，并且Gymnopilus和Galerina谱系之一（“mycenopsis”）是姐妹类群。进一步的分析表明，Galerina谱系以及Gymnopilus属可以被归入一个经过强烈修正的Strophariaceae科，该科在很大程度上与Kuhner（1980）所界定的科相对应。我们的研究结果证实，木耳的形态特征往往是高度同质的。在目前阶段，没有提出正式的分类学结果或命名变化。
The basidiomycete genus Galerina Earle accommodates more than 300 small brown-spored agarics worldwide, predominantly described from the Northern hemisphere. The delimitation of species and infrageneric units hitherto has been based on morphological and, to some extent, ecological characters. In this study we have analyzed nuclear ribosomal LSU and ITS sequences to reveal infrageneric phylogeny and. the phylogenetic placement of Galerina among the dark-spored agarics. Sequences from 36 northern hemisphere Galerina species and 19 other dark-spored taxa were analyzed, some of them obtained from EMBL/GenBank. Our results, received from Bavesian and distance methods, strongly suggest that Galerina is a polyphyletic genus. The LSU analysis shows that Galerina is composed of three or four separate monophyletic main groups. In addition, a few species cluster together with other dark-spored agarics. The same groups are recognized in the ITS tree and they correspond roughly to previously recognized subgenera or sections in Galerina. With high support our LSU analysis suggests that Gymmopilus is a monophyletic genus and that Gymnopilus and one of the Galerina lineages ("mycenopsis") are sister groups. The analyses further indicate that the Galerina lineages, as well as the genus Gymnopilus, could be referred to a strongly emendated family Strophariaceae, which corresponds largely to the family as circumscribed by Kuhner (1980). Our results affirm that morphological characters often are highly homoplastic in the agarics. At the present stage formal taxonomic consequences or nomenclatural changes are not proposed.