Persistence of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Danish In White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Vaccinated with a Lipid-Formulated Oral Vaccine
Persistence of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Danish In White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Vaccinated with a Lipid-Formulated Oral Vaccine
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DOI：
10.1111/tbed.12032
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Aldwell, F. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Palmer, M. V.;Thacker, T. C.;Aldwell, F. E.
牛分枝杆菌是动物结核病的病原体，具有广泛的宿主范围，包括人类。从历史上看，公共卫生问题促使许多国家制定了根除牛结核病的计划。根除工作降低了牛结核病的流行率;然而，一些国家遇到了重大障碍，尤其是M.牛。减少受影响野生动物种群规模的努力既没有消除疾病，也没有消除对牛的传播。因此，正在探索野生动物疫苗的使用。研究最多的疫苗是M。牛卡介苗是一种减毒活疫苗，100年前首次研制成功。给野生动物接种疫苗的最有效的方法是口服疫苗。美国密歇根州的白尾鹿是M。牛。白尾鹿是一种受欢迎的游戏物种，因此，代表了许多猎人的食用动物。卡介苗在鹿组织中的持续存在可能导致人类暴露于卡介苗。虽然卡介苗不具有致病性，但接触卡介苗可能导致皮肤试验结果假阳性，混淆结核病公共卫生监测的核心组成部分。本研究的目的是在白尾鹿的持久性评价后口服两种不同剂量的脂质包封的卡介苗和卡介苗的液体悬浮液。口服含单剂量（1 × 10（8）CFU）脂质包封BCG的诱饵后，疫苗在任何时间均未回收。然而，在食用10个脂质包封诱饵（1 × 10（9）CFU）的鹿中，BCG的持久性是一致的，在食用后1、3、6、9和12个月，至少从一只鹿中回收BCG。在经口接种液体悬液的鹿中观察到持续时间长达9个月。BCG的持久性仅限于淋巴组织，在每个时间点收集的肌肉样本中从未发现。虽然接触猎人的风险很低，但在白尾鹿实地使用之前，应考虑卡介苗的持久性。
Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of tuberculosis in animals, has a broad host range, including humans. Historically, public health concerns prompted programs to eradicate tuberculosis from cattle in many nations. Eradication efforts decreased the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis; nevertheless, some countries encountered significant obstacles, not least of which was a wildlife reservoir of M. bovis. Efforts to decrease the size of the affected wildlife populations have neither eliminated disease nor eliminated transmission to cattle. Consequently, the use of a vaccine for wildlife is being explored. The vaccine most studied is M. bovis BCG, an attenuated live vaccine, first developed 100years ago. The most efficient and effective means of vaccinating wildlife will be an oral vaccine. White-tailed deer in Michigan, USA, constitute a reservoir of M. bovis. White-tailed deer are a popular game species, and as such, represent a food animal to many hunters. BCG persistence in deer tissues could result in human exposure to BCG. Although non-pathogenic, BCG exposure could induce false-positive skin test results, confounding the central component of public health surveillance for TB. The objective of the present study in white-tailed deer was to evaluate persistence of lipid-encapsulated BCG and a liquid suspension of BCG after oral administration at two different dosages. Vaccine was not recovered at any time after oral consumption of a bait containing a single dose (1x10(8) CFU) of lipid-encapsulated BCG. However, persistence was consistent in deer consuming 10 lipid-encapsulated baits (1x10(9) CFU), with BCG recovered from at least one deer at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12months after consumption. Persistence of up to 9months was seen in deer vaccinated with orally with a liquid suspension. Persistence of BCG was limited to lymphoid tissue and never found in samples of muscle collected at each time point. Although the risk of exposure to hunters is low, BCG persistence should be considered prior to field use in white-tailed deer.