Homing in Pacific salmon: mechanisms and ecological basis
Homing in Pacific salmon: mechanisms and ecological basis
复制标题
太平洋鲑鱼的归巢：机制和生态基础
DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Thomas P Quinn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Dittman;Thomas P Quinn
太平洋鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus spp.）以从海洋觅食地到纳塔尔河流产卵的归巢迁徙而闻名。在这些迁徙过程中，鲑鱼会穿过不同的栖息地（例如海洋、湖泊、河流），每一个栖息地都提供了不同的方向线索，也许需要不同的感官能力来导航。尽管存在这些挑战，归巢通常是精确的，这种亲生物学导致了繁殖隔离的产卵种群，并对其纳塔尔栖息地进行了专门的适应。本文回顾了鲑鱼归巢的各个方面的机制，但强调最后，淡水阶段由嗅觉识别的homestream水。在他们向海迁移之前，幼鲑鱼学习（印记）与纳塔尔地相关的气味，后来，作为成年人，使用这些气味记忆回家。我们对这种印记过程的理解主要来自使用人工气味剂和孵化场饲养的鲑鱼的研究。然而，最近的研究结果表明，这些研究可能低估了自然界中印记过程的复杂性。
Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are famous for their homing migrations from oceanic feeding grounds to their natal river to spawn. During these migrations, salmon travel through diverse habitats (e.g. oceans, lakes, rivers), each offering distinct orientation clues and, perhaps, requiring distinct sensory capabilities for navigation. Despite these challenges, homing is generally precise and this philopatry has resulted in reproductively isolated spawning populations with specialized adaptations for their natal habitat. This paper reviews the mechanisms underlying all aspects of salmon homing but emphasizes the final, freshwater phase governed by olfactory recognition of homestream water. Prior to their seaward migration, juvenile salmon learn (imprint on) odors associated with their natal site and later, as adults, use these odor memories for homing. Our understanding of this imprinting process is derived primarily from studies using artificial odorants and hatchery-reared salmon. Recent findings suggest, however, that such studies may underestimate the complexity of the imprinting process in nature.