Change in host rejection behavior mediated by the predatory behavior of its brood parasite
Change in host rejection behavior mediated by the predatory behavior of its brood parasite
复制标题
由巢寄生虫的捕食行为介导的宿主排斥行为的变化
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Møller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Soler;G. Sorci;M. Soler;A. Møller
雀形目寄生杜鹃的寄主对杜鹃卵的识别和排斥能力各不相同。歧视和拒绝错误的成本已被援引来解释维持这种人口内的变异。最近，强制接受的寄生虫已被确定为拒绝成本在喜鹊（Pica pica）和它的育雏寄生虫，大斑点杜鹃（Clamator glandarius）。以前的实验工作表明，拒绝喜鹊遭受增加巢捕食的大斑点杜鹃。杜鹃的捕食行为应该赋予寄生虫一个选择性的优势，因为喜鹊经历了繁殖失败可能会提供第二次机会，杜鹃寄生更换离合器。这一假设隐含地假设喜鹊调节其倾向拒绝寄生虫卵作为以前的经验的函数。我们测试了这一假设在喜鹊种群繁殖的研究地块不同的寄生率。实验性寄生的喜鹊对，他们的巢被掠夺，在他们的拒绝行为被评估后，改变了他们的行为从拒绝到接受。寄主行为的变化是突出的研究地块的寄生率高，但不是在地块很少或没有杜鹃寄生。我们讨论了这些差异的三种可能的解释，得出的结论是，在研究地块与高密度的杜鹃鸟，被重访和掠夺的杜鹃鸟的拒绝喜鹊巢的概率是高的，特别是更换离合器，因此，喜鹊的成本拒绝杜鹃鸟蛋在更换离合器增加。此外，在高水平的主机防御（低寄生率）的地区，杜鹃的寄生和捕食拒绝喜鹊巢的可能性减少在第一和更换离合器。因此，这些区域的排斥喜鹊在更换离合器时不应改变其排斥行为。关键词：卵寄生，腺蛤，杜鹃，进化，寄主防御，喜鹊，黑手党行为，异食癖。[Behav Ecol 10：275 - 280（1999）]
Passerine hosts of parasitic cuckoos usually vary in their ability to discriminate and reject cuckoo eggs. Costs of discrimination and rejection errors have been invoked to explain the maintenance of this within-population variability. Recently, enforcement of acceptance by parasites has been identified as a rejection cost in the magpie (Pica pica) and its brood parasite, the great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius). Previous experimental work has shown that rejecter magpies suffer from increased nest predation by the great spotted cuckoo. Cuckoo predatory behavior is supposed to confer a selective advantage to the parasite because magpies experiencing a reproductive failure may provide a second opportunity for the cuckoo to parasitize a replacement clutch. This hypothesis implicitly assumes that magpies modulate their propensity to reject parasite eggs as a function of previous experience. We tested this hypothesis in a magpie population breeding in study plots varying in parasitism rate. Magpie pairs that were experimentally parasitized and had their nests depredated, after their rejection behavior had been assessed, changed their behavior from rejection to acceptance. The change in host behavior was prominent in study plots with high levels of parasitism, but not in plots with rare or no cuckoo parasitism. We discuss three possible explanations for these differences, concluding that in study plots with a high density of cuckoos, the probability for a rejecter magpie nest of being revisited and depredated by a cuckoo is high, particularly for replacement clutches, and, therefore, the cost for magpies of rejecting a cuckoo egg in a replacement clutch is increased. Moreover, in areas with high levels of host defense (low parasitism rate), the probability of parasitism and predation of rejecter-magpie nests by the cuckoo is reduced in both first and replacement clutches. Therefore, rejecter magpies in such areas should not change their rejection behavior in replacement clutches. Key words: brood parasitism, Clamator glandarius, cuckoos, evolution, host defense, magpies, mafia behavior, Pica pica. [Behav Ecol 10:275‐280 (1999)]