Plasma levels of six carotenoids in nine European countries:: report from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Plasma levels of six carotenoids in nine European countries:: report from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
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DOI：
10.1079/phn2004598
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Riboli, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al-Delaimy, WK;van Kappel, AL;Riboli, E
背景：在流行病学研究中，除了可能的直接生物学效应外，血浆类胡萝卜素还可用作水果和蔬菜消费的生化标记物，用于确定饮食与疾病的关系。很少有研究比较欧洲国家之间这些类胡萝卜素的水平。目的：评估欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性研究(EPIC)队列中血浆类胡萝卜素水平的变异性。方法：横断面测定来自欧洲9个国家16个地区的3043名研究对象的血浆类胡萝卜素水平。结果：6种类胡萝卜素的平均血浆水平在不同地区之间存在两倍的差异(瑞典马尔默男性为1.35Mumol L(-1)，意大利拉古萨/那不勒斯男性为2.79Mumol L(-1)；荷兰女性为1.61Mumol L(-1)；意大利拉古萨/那不勒斯女性为3.52Mumol L(-1))。单个类胡萝卜素的平均水平差异高达四倍(西班牙穆尔西亚男性的α-胡萝卜素水平：0.06mumol L(-1)，而居住在英国的素食男性的α-胡萝卜素水平为0.25mumol L(-1))。在多因素回归分析中，地区是血浆类胡萝卜素水平最重要的预测因素(偏R2=27.3%)，其次是BMI(偏R2=5.2%)、性别(偏R2=2.7%)和吸烟(偏R2=2.8%)。结论：在意大利、希腊、西班牙、法国、德国、英国、瑞典、丹麦和荷兰的16个不同地区，女性的血浆类胡萝卜素水平差异很大。与居住地区相比，欧洲其他人口统计和生活方式因素以及实验室测量对血浆类胡萝卜素水平的预测价值有限。
Background: In addition to their possible direct biological effects, plasma carotenoids can be used as biochemical markers of fruit and vegetable consumption for identifying diet-disease associations in epidemiological studies. Few studies have compared levels of these carotenoids between countries in Europe. Objective: Our aim was to assess the variability of plasma carotenoid levels within the cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Methods: Plasma levels of six carotenoids-alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin-were measured cross-sectionally in 3043 study subjects from 16 regions in nine European countries. We investigated the relative influence of gender, season, age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake and smoking status on plasma levels of the carotenoids.Results: Mean plasma level of the sum of the six carotenoids varied twofold between regions (1.35 mumol l(-1) for men in Malmo, Sweden vs. 2.79 mumol l(-1) for men in Ragusa/Naples, Italy; 1.61 mumol l(-1) for women in The Netherlands vs. 3.52 mumol l(-1) in Ragusa/Naples, Italy). Mean levels of individual carotenoids varied up to fourfold (alpha-carotene: 0.06 mumol l(-1) for men in Murcia, Spain vs. 0.25 mumol l(-1) for vegetarian men living in the UK). In multivariate regression analyses, region was the most important predictor of total plasma carotenoid level (partial R-2=27.3%), followed by BMI (partial R-2=5.2%), gender (partial R-2=2.7%) and smoking status (partial R-2=2.8%). Females had higher total carotenoid levels than males across Europe.Conclusions: Plasma levels of carotenoids vary substantially between 16 different regions in Italy, Greece, Spain, France, Germany, the UK, Sweden, Denmark and The Netherlands. Compared with region of residence, the other demographic and lifestyle factors and laboratory measurements have limited predictive value for plasma carotenoid levels in Europe.