Elements of agroecological pest and disease management
Elements of agroecological pest and disease management
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DOI：
10.1525/elementa.2021.00099
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Belmain;Y. Tembo;A. Mkindi;Sarah E. J. Arnold;P. Stevenson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Belmain;Y. Tembo;A. Mkindi;Sarah E. J. Arnold;P. Stevenson
大规模单一作物农业系统的发展加剧了病虫害问题，使农民长期依赖合成农药。然而，合成投入在经济上的成功是以高昂的环境代价取得的，因为它造成了生物多样性的丧失、土壤质量的损耗、温室气体的排放，并破坏了生态系统服务，而生态系统服务本来可以帮助减轻病虫害造成的损失。目前迫切需要无害环境的病虫害管理替代品，而且这些替代品现已被广泛认为是可持续粮食和农业的关键。例如，粮食及农业组织公布了农业生态学的10个要素，作为农业改革的框架。农业生态学结合了生态和社会概念和原则，通过利用适合农民需求的基于自然的解决方案来发展可持续的粮食和农业系统。例如，基于植物的生物农药提供了合成农药的替代品，其对环境的危害较小，并且不持久，但在管理害虫方面有效，并且在农民中具有长期使用的传统，因此更容易为社会所接受。在这里，我们提供了一个关键的评估，以自然为基础的方法来病虫害管理符合农业生态学的10个要素，并显示他们如何通过农民参与式研究与其他生态系统服务相结合。我们的结论是，采用基于自然的解决方案进行害虫管理，解决了农业生态学的所有10个要素，并提供了一个切入点，以促进农民更广泛的可持续农业实践。
The development of large-scale monocropped agrisystems has facilitated increased problems with pests and diseases, perpetuating the reliance of farmers on synthetic pesticides. The economic success of synthetic inputs has, however, been achieved at a high cost to the environment through the loss of biodiversity, depletion of soil quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and disrupting the ecosystem services that can otherwise help mitigate losses caused by pests and diseases. Environmentally benign alternatives for pest and disease management are urgently needed and are now widely recognized as essential for sustainable food and agriculture. The Food and Agriculture Organization, for example, has published the 10 elements of agroecology as a framework for the transformation of agriculture. Agroecology combines ecological and social concepts and principles to develop sustainable food and agricultural systems by harnessing nature-based solutions that are tailored to farmers’ needs. Plant-based biopesticides, for example, offer an alternative to synthetic pesticides that are less harmful to the environment and nonpersistent, yet effective at managing pests and have a long tradition of use among farmers so are more socially acceptable. Here, we provide a critical assessment of how nature-based approaches to pest and disease management comply with the 10 elements of agroecology and show how they integrate with other ecosystem services through farmer participatory research. We conclude that the adoption of nature-based solutions for pest management addresses all 10 elements of agroecology and provides an entry point to promote sustainable farming practices among farmers more widely.