North is up(hill): Route planning heuristics in real-world environments
North is up(hill): Route planning heuristics in real-world environments
复制标题
DOI：
10.3758/mc.38.6.700
复制
发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Taylor, Holly A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brunye, Tad T.;Mahoney, Caroline R.;Taylor, Holly A.
导航员使用外部线索和内部启发式方法来帮助他们规划穿过环境的有效路线。在六个实验中，我们发现并寻求一种新的启发式的起源，使参与者优先选择南方，而不是北方路线在基于地图的路线规划。实验1表明，参与者的任务是选择两个等长的路线，一个一般向北，一个向南，显示可靠的决策偏好向南的选项。实验2表明，参与者产生的南方偏好时，指示采用自我中心，而不是allocentric的角度在路线规划。在实验3-5中，我们研究了参与者的路线特征的判断，发现路线长度的判断和相对于较低的路径选项的上部的偏好不有助于南部的路线偏好。相反，南方路线的偏好似乎是对北方海拔增加的误解的结果（即，北起）。实验6进一步支持了这一发现，表明参与者提供更大的时间估计为北比相等的南向路线时，规划美国城市之间的旅行。结果进行了讨论方面的预测寻路行为，心理模拟的行动，和理论的空间认知和导航。
Navigators use both external cues and internal heuristics to help them plan efficient routes through environments. In six experiments, we discover and seek the origin of a novel heuristic that causes participants to preferentially choose southern rather than northern routes during map-based route planning. Experiment 1 demonstrates that participants who are tasked to choose between two equal-length routes, one going generally north and one south, show reliable decision preferences toward the southern option. Experiment 2 demonstrates that participants produce a southern preference only when instructed to adopt egocentric rather than allocentric perspectives during route planning. In Experiments 3-5, we examined participants' judgments of route characteristics and found that judgments of route length and preferences for upper relative to lower path options do not contribute to the southern route preference. Rather, the southern route preference appears to be a result of misperceptions of increased elevation to the north (i.e., north is up). Experiment 6 further supports this finding by demonstrating that participants provide greater time estimates for north- than for equivalent south-going routes when planning travel between U.S. cities. Results are discussed with regard to predicting wayfinding behavior, the mental simulation of action, and theories of spatial cognition and navigation.