What is missing? Cultural processes and causal pathways to inequality
What is missing? Cultural processes and causal pathways to inequality
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DOI：
10.1093/ser/mwu011
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Clair, Matthew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lamont, Michele;Beljean, Stefan;Clair, Matthew
本文为理解社会过程产生社会不平等的方式提供了一个框架。具体地说，我们专注于一种特定类型的社会过程，这种社会过程在文学中受到的关注有限，其中主体间的意义创造是核心：文化过程。关于不平等的大部分文献侧重于主要行为者和机构在获得物质和非物质资源方面的行动，或生态效应如何造成获得物质资源的不平等。相反，我们专注于通过主导和从属行为者的例行公事和理所当然的行动，促进不平等的产生(和再生产)的过程。我们强调两种类型的文化过程：认同和合理化。我们描述并举例说明了我们认为是这两类文化进程的重要分析范例的四个进程：种族主义和污名化(用于识别)和标准化和评估(用于合理化)。我们认为，对这种文化过程的关注是对当前社会不平等解释的关键和补充。
This paper provides a framework for understanding the ways in which social processes produce social inequality. Specifically, we focus on a particular type of social process that has received limited attention in the literature and in which inter-subjective meaning-making is central: cultural processes. Much of the literature on inequality has focused on the actions of dominant actors and institutions in gaining access to material and non-material resources, or on how ecological effects cause unequal access to material resources. In contrast, we focus on processes that contribute to the production (and reproduction) of inequality through the routine and taken-for-granted actions of both dominant and subordinate actors. We highlight two types of cultural processes: identification and rationalization. We describe and illustrate four processes that we consider to be significant analytical exemplars of these two types of cultural processes: racialization and stigmatization (for identification) and standardization and evaluation (for rationalization). We argue that attention to such cultural processes is critical and complementary to current explanations of social inequality.